Lulli Filippo, Volterrani Marco, Grossi Nicola, Armeni Roberto, Stefanini Sara, Guglielminetti Lorenzo
Department of Agronomy and Management of the Agroecosystem, University of Pisa, Via San Michele degli Scalzi 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Labosport Italia Srl, Viale Monza 80, 23870, Cernusco Lombardone, Lecco, Italy.
Funct Plant Biol. 2012 Apr;39(3):214-221. doi: 10.1071/FP11234.
High turfgrass wear resistance and recovery are the most sought after characteristics in turfgrass species when used for sports turf, but they are also very important in home gardens and public parks. Several wear resistance investigations have been conducted in field conditions in recent years, but these investigations involved the use of machinery and techniques that are not able to segregate the plant wounding and death effects from soil compaction effects that are generally associated with turfgrass wear. The same can be said of wear recovery investigations, with an extensive use of agronomical machinery for field trials. This study focussed on the wear resistance and recovery of mature swards of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon×C. transvaalensis Burt-Davy cv. Tifway 419, Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. cv. Zeon and Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. cv. Salam and a typical sports-type mix of Lolium perenne L. (cvv. Speedster 35% and Greenway 35%)+Poa pratensis L. (cvv. SR2100 15% and Greenknight 15%). The goal of this trial was to evaluate turfgrass wear resistance and recovery devoid of climatic and soil effects and thus, sward growing, wear simulation and recovery were conducted in controlled environment. Furthermore, wear simulation was conducted with FIFA-approved, numerical control machinery (Lisport). Wear resistance and recovery data was plotted against results from laboratory investigations on key tissue constituents. Zoysia matrella proved to be the most wear resistant, but the slowest in recovery, whereas the bermudagrass hybrid showed the exact opposite behaviour. Lignin and carbohydrate concentrations proved to be the two factors most closely correlated with wear resistance and recovery respectively. These two classes of compounds were present in an equilibrium that was species specific, with a frequent mutual exclusion between lignin and starch concentrations that deserves further investigation at the intra-specific level.
当用于运动草坪时，草坪草的高耐磨性和恢复能力是草坪草品种最受追捧的特性，但它们在家庭花园和公共公园中也非常重要。近年来，已经在田间条件下进行了几项耐磨性调查，但这些调查所使用的机械和技术无法将植物受伤和死亡的影响与通常与草坪磨损相关的土壤压实影响区分开来。对于磨损恢复调查也是如此，在田间试验中广泛使用了农艺机械。本研究重点关注狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon×C. transvaalensis Burt-Davy cv. Tifway 419）、沟叶结缕草（Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. cv. Zeon）、海滨雀稗（Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. cv. Salam）成熟草皮的耐磨性和恢复能力，以及多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L. (cvv. Speedster 35% 和 Greenway 35%)）+草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L. (cvv. SR2100 15% 和 Greenknight 15%)）的典型运动型混合草皮。该试验的目的是评估草坪草的耐磨性和恢复能力，不受气候和土壤影响，因此，在受控环境中进行草皮生长、磨损模拟和恢复试验。此外，使用国际足联批准的数控机械（Lisport）进行磨损模拟。将耐磨性和恢复数据与关键组织成分的实验室调查结果进行对比绘制。沟叶结缕草被证明是最耐磨的，但恢复最慢，而百慕大草杂交种则表现出完全相反的行为。木质素和碳水化合物浓度分别被证明是与耐磨性和恢复能力最密切相关的两个因素。这两类化合物以物种特异性的平衡形式存在，木质素和淀粉浓度之间经常相互排斥，这值得在种内水平上进一步研究。
