Soil and Crop Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2010 Feb 19;39(2):697-705. doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0198. Print 2010 Mar-Apr.
Land application of composted municipal biosolids (CMB) enhances soil physical properties and turf establishment. Yet large, volume-based rates of CMB can increase nonpoint source losses of sediment and nutrients from urban soils to surface waters. The objectives were (i) to compare runoff losses of sediment, N, P, and organic C among contrasting establishment treatments for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, var. Tifway] and (ii) to evaluate relationships between runoff and soil measurements of N, P, and organic C. Three replications of seven establishment treatments were installed on an excavated slope (8.5%) under field conditions. Five treatments comprised sod transplanted from Tifway bermudagrass grown with and without CMB on soil with and without incorporation of CMB. Two other treatments were composed of Tifway sprigged in soil with and without CMB. Runoff from seven natural rain events was channeled into collection tanks for sampling and analysis. Runoff concentrations and mass loss of dissolved P and organic C forms were greater for CMB-amended sod than for sprigs planted in soil with or without CMB or treatments comprising sod established without CMB. In addition, a linear relationship (R(2) = 0.87) was observed between water extractable soil P of sodded and sprigged treatments and concentrations and mass losses of dissolved P in runoff. Transplanted sod reduced sediment loss compared with sprigged treatments and incorporation of CMB reduced sediment loss from sprigged treatments. Incorporation of CMB within soil on which sod grown without CMB was transplanted proved the best option for achieving benefits of CMB while reducing nutrient runoff loss compared to sod transplanted from Tifway grown with CMB.
土地应用堆肥城市生物固体（CMB）可增强土壤物理性质和草坪的建立。然而，大量的 CMB 体积基础率可能会增加城市土壤中泥沙和养分的非点源流失到地表水中。目标是（i）比较不同的百慕大草（Cynodon dactylon（L.）Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy，var. Tifway）建植处理之间的径流水沙、N、P 和有机 C 的流失量，（ii）评估径流与土壤中 N、P 和有机 C 测量值之间的关系。在田间条件下，于挖掘的斜坡（8.5%）上设置了三个重复的七个建植处理。五个处理由在 CMB 存在或不存在的情况下，在 CMB 存在或不存在的情况下，从 Tifway 百慕大草中移植的草皮组成。另外两个处理是由在 CMB 存在或不存在的情况下种植的 Tifway 插条组成。将来自七个自然降雨事件的径流引导到收集罐中进行采样和分析。用 CMB 处理的草皮的径流溶解 P 和有机 C 形态的浓度和质量损失大于在 CMB 存在或不存在的情况下种植的插条或不添加 CMB 的草皮建植处理。此外，在草皮和插条处理中，观察到水可提取土壤 P 与溶解 P 在径流中的浓度和质量损失之间呈线性关系（R2=0.87）。移植草皮减少了与插条处理相比的泥沙流失，而 CMB 的掺入减少了插条处理的泥沙流失。将 CMB 掺入到没有 CMB 种植的草皮的土壤中，与从添加 CMB 的 Tifway 种植的草皮移植相比，是实现 CMB 效益并减少养分径流损失的最佳选择。
