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由SNARE蛋白模拟物介导的可控脂质体融合

Controlled liposome fusion mediated by SNARE protein mimics.

作者信息

Robson Marsden Hana, Korobko Alexander V, Zheng Tingting, Voskuhl Jens, Kros Alexander

机构信息

Department of Soft Matter Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Biomater Sci. 2013 Oct 28;1(10):1046-1054. doi: 10.1039/c3bm60040h. Epub 2013 Jun 4.

Abstract

The fusion of lipid membranes is essential for the delivery of chemicals across biological barriers to specific cellular locations. Intracellular membrane fusion is particularly precise and is critically mediated by SNARE proteins. To allow membrane fusion to be better understood and harnessed we have mimicked this important process with a simple bottom-up model in which synthetic fusogens replicate the essential features of SNARE proteins. In our fusogens, the coiled-coil molecular recognition motif of SNARE proteins is replaced by the coiled-coil E/K peptide complex, which is one-ninth the size. The peptides are anchored in liposome membranes via pegylated lipids. Here we discuss how the liposome fusion process is controlled by different parameters within the minimal model. The lipopeptide fusogens form specific coiled coils that dock liposomes together, resulting in the merging of membranes via the stalk intermediate. Unusually for model systems, the lipopeptides can rapidly lead to fusion of entire liposome populations and the liposomes can undergo many rounds of fusion. The rate and extent of fusion and the number of fusion rounds can be manipulated by adjusting the fusogen and liposome concentrations. For example, these parameters can be tuned such that tens of thousands of ∼100 nm liposomes fuse into a single giant liposome ∼10 μm in diameter; alternatively, conditions can be selected such that only two liposomes fuse. The improved understanding of membrane fusion shows how application-specific fusion attributes can be achieved, and paves the way for controlled nanoreactor mixing and controlled delivery of cargo to cells.

摘要

脂质膜的融合对于化学物质跨越生物屏障输送到特定细胞位置至关重要。细胞内膜融合尤为精确,且关键由SNARE蛋白介导。为了更好地理解和利用膜融合,我们用一个简单的自下而上的模型模拟了这一重要过程,其中合成融合剂复制了SNARE蛋白的基本特征。在我们的融合剂中,SNARE蛋白的卷曲螺旋分子识别基序被大小为其九分之一的卷曲螺旋E/K肽复合物所取代。这些肽通过聚乙二醇化脂质锚定在脂质体膜上。在这里,我们讨论在这个最小模型中脂质体融合过程是如何由不同参数控制的。脂肽融合剂形成特定的卷曲螺旋,将脂质体对接在一起,导致膜通过柄中间体合并。与模型系统不同的是,脂肽可以迅速导致整个脂质体群体融合,并且脂质体可以进行多轮融合。融合的速率和程度以及融合轮数可以通过调整融合剂和脂质体浓度来控制。例如,可以调整这些参数,使数万个直径约100 nm的脂质体融合成一个直径约10 μm的单个巨型脂质体;或者,可以选择条件使只有两个脂质体融合。对膜融合的深入理解展示了如何实现特定应用的融合特性,并为可控的纳米反应器混合以及向细胞的可控货物递送铺平了道路。

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