Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, Ukranian National Academy of Medical Sciences, Pushkinskaya 82, Kharkiv 61024 Ukraine.
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, Vienna A-1400, Austria.
Health Phys. 2020 Jul;119(1):83-94. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001266.
The strategy toward personalized medicine in radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic and interventional radiology demands a specific set of assays for individualized estimation of radiation load for safety concerns and prognosis of normal tissue reactions caused by ionizing radiation. Apparently, it seems reasonable to use validated radiation dosimetric biomarkers for these purposes. However, a number of gaps in knowledge and methodological limitations still have to be resolved until dosimetric biomarkers will start to play a valuable role in clinical practice beyond radiation protection and radiation medicine. An extensive international multicenter research is necessary to improve the methodology of clinical applications of biodosimetry. That became a rationale for launching the IAEA Coordinated Research Project E35010 MEDBIODOSE: "Applications of Biological Dosimetry Methods in Radiation Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, and Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology." At the 2 Coordination Meeting on MEDBIODOSE (18-22 February 2019, Recife, Brazil), participants reported progress in the usage of biological dosimetry for genotoxicity assessment and/or individualization of radiotherapy treatment plans. Another avenue of research was the prognosis of normal tissue toxicity and cancer risk prediction using biomarkers' yield measured in vivo or after ex vivo irradiation of patients' cells. Other important areas are mechanisms of cytogenetic radiation response, validation of new radiation biomarkers, development of innovative techniques, automated and high-throughput assays for biodosimetry, and the overall improvement of biodosimetry service. An important aspect of clinical application of biodosimetry is standardization of techniques and unification of approaches to data interpretation. The new IAEA Biodosimetry/Radiobiology Laboratory, which is being established, will provide support for this activity. The declared lab's mission includes, among other tasks, a harmonization of the biodosimetry applications with relevant international standards, guidelines on good laboratory practice, and the IAEA EPR-Biodosimetry manual.
个体化医学在放射肿瘤学、核医学和诊断及介入放射学中的策略需要针对个体评估电离辐射所致的放射剂量，以满足安全性和正常组织反应预后的特定需求。显然，使用经过验证的放射剂量学生物标志物似乎是合理的。然而，在放射防护和放射医学之外，要使放射剂量学生物标志物在临床实践中发挥有价值的作用，仍需要解决许多知识空白和方法学限制。需要开展广泛的国际多中心研究，以改进临床应用生物剂量学的方法。这成为启动国际原子能机构协调研究项目 E35010 MEDBIODOSE 的理由：“在放射肿瘤学、核医学和诊断及介入放射学中应用生物剂量测定方法”。在 MEDBIODOSE 协调会议 2 上（2019 年 2 月 18 日至 22 日，巴西累西腓），与会者报告了生物剂量学在遗传毒性评估和/或个体化放射治疗计划中的应用进展。另一项研究领域是使用体内或体外照射患者细胞后测量的生物标志物产量预测正常组织毒性和癌症风险预测。其他重要领域包括细胞遗传学放射反应机制、新的放射生物标志物验证、创新技术的开发、生物剂量学的自动化和高通量检测，以及生物剂量学服务的整体改善。生物剂量学的临床应用的一个重要方面是技术标准化和数据解释方法统一。正在建立的新的国际原子能机构生物剂量学/放射生物学实验室将为此项活动提供支持。该实验室的使命包括，除其他任务外，使生物剂量学应用与相关国际标准、良好实验室规范和国际原子能机构 EPR-生物剂量学手册协调一致。
