DCS Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia, United States.
Army Research Laboratory, San Antonio, Texas, United States.
Percept Mot Skills. 2020 Oct;127(5):939-959. doi: 10.1177/0031512520927508. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
While marksmanship is a critical skill for military personnel, some service members experience difficulty in attaining and maintaining marksmanship qualifications. Temporal training may improve marksmanship performance, since rhythm and timing are critical for coordinated movement. In this study, we examined the effect of neurocognitive temporal training (NTT) on military personnel's marksmanship performance. We randomly assigned 41 active duty U.S. Army service members with prior marksmanship training into an NTT group that received 12 NTT training sessions ( = 18) and a Control group ( = 23) that received no NTT training. We measured marksmanship at baseline (pretest) and following either NTT (posttest) or, for the Control group, a comparable time period. We quantified marksmanship during 2 tasks of firing 5 self-paced shots at stationary 175 m and 300 m targets (Task 1) and firing at 50 moving and stationary targets of varying distances (Task 2). We recorded three measures of accuracy and three measures of precision (including Total Path Length, a unique measure quantifying shot-to-shot variability) for the first task, and we recorded one accuracy measure for the second task. To determine group differences for pretest versus posttest, we used multivariate analysis of variances for Task 1 and a mixed-model analysis of variance for Task 2. Results revealed significantly reduced variability and improved precision when firing at the 175 m target for the NTT group compared with the Control group ( < .05), but there were no significant group differences on other measures. While these results suggest the utility of neurocognitive timing and rhythm training for marksmanship precision, additional research is needed and should include varied training regimens, comparisons of expert versus novice shooters, additional outcome measures, and a larger participant sample.
虽然射击是军事人员的一项关键技能，但有些军人在获得和保持射击资格方面存在困难。时间训练可能会提高射击表现，因为节奏和时间对于协调运动至关重要。在这项研究中，我们研究了神经认知时间训练（NTT）对军人射击表现的影响。我们随机将 41 名有过射击训练的现役美国陆军军人分为 NTT 组（接受 12 次 NTT 训练， = 18 人）和对照组（接受 12 次 NTT 训练， = 23 人）。我们在基线（预测试）和 NTT 之后（后测试）或对照组（无 NTT 训练）进行了 2 项射击任务，以测量射击表现。我们在 2 项任务中测量了射击表现：在静止的 175 米和 300 米目标上进行 5 次自主射击（任务 1），以及对不同距离的 50 个移动和静止目标进行射击（任务 2）。我们记录了第一次任务的 3 项准确性和 3 项精度测量值（包括总路径长度，这是一种独特的测量方法，可以量化射击之间的变化），以及第二次任务的 1 项准确性测量值。为了确定预测试和后测试之间的组差异，我们对任务 1 使用了多元方差分析，对任务 2 使用了混合模型方差分析。结果显示，与对照组相比，NTT 组在 175 米目标上的射击变异性显著降低，精度提高（ < .05），但其他测量值没有显著的组间差异。虽然这些结果表明神经认知时间和节奏训练对射击精度有用，但还需要进一步的研究，包括不同的训练方案、专家与新手射手的比较、更多的结果测量以及更大的参与者样本。
