Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA.
Sleep. 2012 Aug 1;35(8):1123-36. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2002.
This study evaluated the effect of accommodating adolescent sleep-wake patterns by altering the timing of the major sleep period of US Army recruits.
The quasi-experimental study compared recruits assigned to one of two training companies: one with a customary sleep regimen (20:30 to 04:30) while the other employed a phase-delayed sleep regimen (23:00 to 07:00), the latter aligning better with biologically driven sleep-wake patterns of adolescents.
The study was conducted during Basic Combat Training (BCT) at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. TRAINEES: The study included 392 trainees: 209 received the intervention, while 183 composed the Comparison group.
Demographic and psychophysiological measures were collected on all trainees. Weekly assessments of subjective fatigue and mood, periodic physical fitness, marksmanship scores, and attrition rates from BCT were studied. Actigraphy was collected on approximately 24% of trainees. Based on actigraphy, trainees on the phase-delayed sleep schedule obtained 31 m more sleep/night than trainees on the customary sleep schedule. The Intervention group reported less total mood disturbance relative to baseline. Improvements in marksmanship correlated positively with average nightly sleep during the preceding week when basic marksmanship skills were taught. No differences were seen in physical fitness or attrition rates. In contrast to the Intervention group, the Comparison group was 2.3 times more likely to experience occupationally significant fatigue and 5.5 times more likely to report poor sleep quality.
Accommodating adolescent sleep patterns significantly improves mental health and performance in the training environment.
本研究通过改变美国陆军新兵主要睡眠时段的时间安排，评估适应青少年睡眠-觉醒模式的效果。
这项准实验研究比较了分配到两个训练连的新兵：一个连队采用常规睡眠方案（20:30 至 04:30），另一个连队则采用相位延迟睡眠方案（23:00 至 07:00），后者更符合青少年生物驱动的睡眠-觉醒模式。
该研究在密苏里州伦纳德伍德堡进行基础战斗训练（BCT）期间进行。
该研究包括 392 名受训者：209 名接受了干预，183 名组成了对照组。
对所有受训者收集了人口统计学和心理生理学测量数据。每周评估主观疲劳和情绪、定期的体能、射击成绩以及 BCT 的淘汰率。大约 24%的受训者收集了活动记录仪数据。根据活动记录仪数据，采用相位延迟睡眠方案的受训者比采用常规睡眠方案的受训者每晚多获得 31 分钟的睡眠。与基线相比，干预组报告的总情绪干扰较少。在教授基本射击技能时，射击成绩的提高与前一周每晚平均睡眠时间呈正相关。在体能或淘汰率方面没有差异。与干预组相比，对照组经历职业相关疲劳的可能性高 2.3 倍，报告睡眠质量差的可能性高 5.5 倍。
适应青少年的睡眠模式可显著改善培训环境中的心理健康和表现。
