UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 15;735:139264. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139264. Epub 2020 May 8.
Aquatic invertebrates exposed to pesticides may develop pesticide resistance. Based on a meta-analysis we revealed environmental factors driving the magnitude of resistance in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex in the field. We showed that (i) insecticide tolerance of G. pulex increased with pesticide contamination in agricultural streams generally by a factor of up to 4. Tolerance increased even at concentrations lower than what is considered safe in regulatory risk assessment (ii) The increase in insecticide tolerance was pronounced at high test concentrations; comparing the LC50 of populations therefore potentially underestimates the development of resistance. (iii) Insecticide resistance in agricultural streams diminished during the spraying season, suggesting that adverse effects of sublethal concentrations in the short term contrast long-term adaptation to insecticide exposure. (iv) We found that resistance was especially high in populations characterized not only by high pesticide exposure, but also by large distance (>3.3 km) from non-polluted stream sections and by low species diversity within the invertebrate community. We conclude that the test concentration, the timing of measurement, distance to refuge areas and species diversity mediate the observed response of aquatic communities to pesticide pollution and need to be considered for the sustainable management of agricultural practices.
水生无脊椎动物暴露于杀虫剂中可能会产生抗药性。基于荟萃分析，我们揭示了驱动淡水片脚类动物秀丽隐杆线虫在野外抗性程度的环境因素。结果表明：（i）在农业溪流中，秀丽隐杆线虫对杀虫剂的耐受性通常会因农药污染而增加，最高可达 4 倍。即使在低于监管风险评估中认为安全的浓度下，耐受性也会增加；（ii）在高测试浓度下，杀虫剂耐受性的增加更为明显；因此，比较种群的 LC50 可能会低估抗药性的发展；（iii）在喷洒季节，农业溪流中的杀虫剂抗性会降低，这表明短期亚致死浓度的不利影响与长期适应杀虫剂暴露形成对比；（iv）我们发现，在具有高农药暴露、与未受污染的溪流段距离大（>3.3 公里）以及无脊椎动物群落内物种多样性低的种群中，抗性特别高。我们得出结论，测试浓度、测量时间、与避难区的距离和物种多样性调节了水生群落对农药污染的观察反应，需要考虑可持续管理农业实践。
