Larionova Irina, Kazakova Elena, Patysheva Marina, Kzhyshkowska Julia
Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 May 29;12(6):1411. doi: 10.3390/cancers12061411.
Macrophages are key innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that regulate primary tumor growth, vascularization, metastatic spread and tumor response to various types of therapies. The present review highlights the mechanisms of macrophage programming in tumor microenvironments that act on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels. We summarize the latest knowledge on the types of transcriptional factors and epigenetic enzymes that control the direction of macrophage functional polarization and their pro- and anti-tumor activities. We also focus on the major types of metabolic programs of macrophages (glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation), and their interaction with cancer cells and complex TME. We have discussed how the regulation of macrophage polarization on the transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic levels can be used for the efficient therapeutic manipulation of macrophage functions in cancer.
巨噬细胞是肿瘤微环境（TME）中的关键固有免疫细胞，可调节原发性肿瘤生长、血管生成、转移扩散以及肿瘤对各种治疗的反应。本综述重点介绍了肿瘤微环境中巨噬细胞编程在转录、表观遗传和代谢水平上发挥作用的机制。我们总结了关于控制巨噬细胞功能极化方向及其促肿瘤和抗肿瘤活性的转录因子和表观遗传酶类型的最新知识。我们还关注巨噬细胞的主要代谢程序类型（糖酵解和脂肪酸氧化），以及它们与癌细胞和复杂肿瘤微环境的相互作用。我们讨论了如何在转录、表观遗传和代谢水平上调节巨噬细胞极化，以有效治疗性操控癌症中巨噬细胞的功能。
