Yuan Yuan, Liu Yulu, Gong Lei, Chen Hongmei, Zhang Song, Kitayama Akio, Takashi En, Liang Jingyan
Medical Nursing Office, School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Nagano College of Nursing, Komagane, Japan.
Telemed J E Health. 2021 Apr;27(4):414-421. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0037. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
In recent years, the increasing number of empty-nest elderly has become a significant global social problem, and the rapid development of medical technology and information technology has improved the feasibility of telenursing. However, few studies have been conducted on needs of telenursing among the empty-nest elderly. The aim of this study is to explore the needs of telenursing for community-dwelling empty-nest elderly who are completely independent in activities of daily living (ADL), or who are mildly disabled, and to provide a reference for improving the remote care quality. A questionnaire survey aiming to explore telenursing needs of the elderly was conducted among 268 community-dwelling empty-nest elderly who were selected using random sampling and then data were analyzed based on the Kano Model. Chi-square goodness-of-fit test showed that there were significant differences between actual and expected counts for each item of telenursing needs ( < 0.01 for all), indicating that the sample had specific individual preference for the Kano category. The desired degree of telenursing service ranged from 48.37% to 80.86%, the better values (satisfaction) were between 57.09% and 67.56%, and the worse values (dissatisfaction) were between 11.92% and 37.93%. The items, remote one-button emergency caller and remote emergency assistance arrangement, were considered to be one-dimensional qualities by empty nesters and the rest were attractive qualities. In the quadrant analysis diagram, all the remote care services were categorized as attractive qualities. The community-dwelling empty-nest elderly with ADL independence or mild impairment have positive attitudes toward telenursing services, especially the needs of remote first aid nursing. Medical policy makers and nursing managers can provide targeted telenursing services according to empty nesters' requirements, thus improving nursing care quality and satisfaction of the elderly.
近年来，空巢老人数量的不断增加已成为一个重大的全球社会问题，而医疗技术和信息技术的快速发展提高了远程护理的可行性。然而，针对空巢老人对远程护理的需求开展的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨日常生活活动（ADL）完全独立或轻度失能的社区居家空巢老人对远程护理的需求，为提高远程护理质量提供参考。对268名采用随机抽样选取的社区居家空巢老人进行了旨在探索老年人远程护理需求的问卷调查，然后基于卡诺模型对数据进行分析。卡方拟合优度检验表明，远程护理需求各项目的实际计数与预期计数之间存在显著差异（所有均<0.01），表明样本对卡诺类别有特定的个体偏好。远程护理服务的期望程度在48.37%至80.86%之间，较好值（满意度）在57.09%至67.56%之间，较差值（不满意度）在11.92%至37.93%之间。远程一键紧急呼叫器和远程紧急援助安排这两个项目被空巢老人认为是一维质量，其余的是魅力质量。在象限分析图中，所有远程护理服务都被归类为魅力质量。ADL独立或轻度受损的社区居家空巢老人对远程护理服务持积极态度，尤其是对远程急救护理的需求。医疗政策制定者和护理管理者可以根据空巢老人的需求提供有针对性的远程护理服务，从而提高老年人的护理质量和满意度。
