Clifton Eric H, Hajek Ann E, Jenkins Nina E, Roush Richard T, Rost John P, Biddinger David J
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Environ Entomol. 2020 Aug 20;49(4):854-864. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa064.
Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), is an invasive Asian insect that was initially found in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 2014. As of early 2020, this pest had been found in five more eastern states and it is expected to continue to expand its geographical range. Lycorma delicatula is highly polyphagous but seems to prefer tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima. However, grape growers in Pennsylvania have reported significant damage and loss of vines caused by L. delicatula adults. In fall 2018, two fungal entomopathogens (Beauveria bassiana and Batkoa major) drove localized collapses in L. delicatula populations in Berks County, Pennsylvania. In 2019, we tested applications of a commercialized mycoinsecticide based on B. bassiana strain GHA on L. delicatula populations in a public park in southeastern Pennsylvania. A single application of B. bassiana reduced fourth instar nymphs by 48% after 14 d. Applications of B. bassiana to L. delicatula adults in the same park resulted in 43% mortality after 14 d. Beauveria bassiana spores remained viable on foliage for 5-7 d after spraying. We also conducted semi-field bioassays with B. bassiana GHA (formulated as BoteGHA and Aprehend) and another mycoinsecticide containing Isaria fumosorosea Apopka Strain 97 against L. delicatula adults feeding on potted grapes. All the mycoinsecticides killed ≥90% of adults after 9 d using direct applications. Aprehend killed 99% of adults after 9 d with exposure to residues on sprayed grapes. These data show that fungal entomopathogens can help to suppress populations of L. delicatula in agroecosystems and natural areas.
斑衣蜡蝉（Lycorma delicatula (White)）是一种入侵性亚洲昆虫，2014年最初在宾夕法尼亚州伯克郡被发现。截至2020年初，这种害虫在另外五个东部州也有发现，预计其地理范围还会继续扩大。斑衣蜡蝉食性广泛，但似乎更喜欢臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）。然而，宾夕法尼亚州的葡萄种植者报告称，斑衣蜡蝉成虫对葡萄藤造成了严重损害和损失。2018年秋季，两种真菌病原昆虫（球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）和大孢巴科霉（Batkoa major））导致宾夕法尼亚州伯克郡的斑衣蜡蝉种群局部崩溃。2019年，我们在宾夕法尼亚州东南部的一个公园对斑衣蜡蝉种群测试了基于球孢白僵菌GHA菌株的商业化杀真菌杀虫剂的应用。单次施用球孢白僵菌14天后，四龄若虫数量减少了48%。在同一公园对斑衣蜡蝉成虫施用球孢白僵菌，14天后死亡率为43%。喷洒后，球孢白僵菌孢子在叶片上可存活5 - 7天。我们还使用球孢白僵菌GHA（制成BoteGHA和Aprehend）以及另一种含有玫烟色棒束孢阿波普卡菌株97的杀真菌杀虫剂，对以盆栽葡萄为食的斑衣蜡蝉成虫进行了半田间生物测定。所有杀真菌杀虫剂直接施用9天后，杀死的成虫均≥90%。Aprehend在9天后通过接触喷洒葡萄上的残留杀死了99%的成虫。这些数据表明真菌病原昆虫有助于抑制农业生态系统和自然区域中斑衣蜡蝉的种群数量。
