Yao Yu, Li Wei-Ping, Wen Chun-Mei, Guo Jia-Qi, Guo Bao-Lin
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Apr;45(7):1627-1632. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200205.103.
Two medicinal PA type Perilla germplasms were planted at five planting densities(D1,2 500 plants/Mu;D2,5 500 plants/Mu;D3,8 500 plants/Mu;D4,11 500 plants/Mu;D5,14 500 plants/Mu;1 Mu≈667 m~2). A total of 17 traits, including leaf shape, plant type, yield, volatile oil content and composition, were recorded and studied. With the planting density increased, the leaves appeared narrow, plants small, the deciduous leaves increased, and the leaf yield per plant was low, but the leaf yield per Mu increases significantly with the planting density, and was basically stable after reaching D4. The extraction rate of volatile oil from leaves at planting density D2-D5 was about 0.1% higher than that of D1, and there was no significant difference in the relative content of perillaldehyde, among 5 density. In order to achieve high leaf yield, it is recommended to plant at a density of D4, 11 500 plants/Mu(plant spacing is 15 cm, and row spacing is 40 cm); while comprehensive leaf yield and leaf morphology are recommended to be planted at a density of D2, 5 500 plants/Mu(plant spacing is 30 cm, and row spacing is 40 cm). At the same time, dense planting resistance of two germplasms were different. Number of secondary branches, first section with leaves and plant types were most important feature for the evaluation of the density tolerance of PA-type Perilla. This study provided a reference for the suitable density of PA-type Perilla, and laid a foundation for further study of the tolerance characteristics of different Perilla.
种植了两种药用紫苏型种质，设置了五个种植密度（D1，2500株/亩；D2，5500株/亩；D3，8500株/亩；D4，11500株/亩；D5，14500株/亩；1亩≈667平方米）。记录并研究了包括叶形、株型、产量、挥发油含量及成分等在内的17个性状。随着种植密度的增加，叶片变窄，植株变小，落叶增多，单株叶产量降低，但每亩叶产量随种植密度显著增加，达到D4后基本稳定。种植密度D2 - D5时叶片挥发油提取率比D1约高0.1%，5个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。为实现高产叶量，建议种植密度为D4，11500株/亩（株距15厘米，行距40厘米）；而综合考虑叶产量和叶形态，建议种植密度为D2，5500株/亩（株距30厘米，行距40厘米）。同时，两种种质的耐密性不同。二级分枝数、第一节带叶数和株型是评价紫苏型紫苏耐密性的最重要特征。本研究为紫苏型紫苏适宜种植密度提供了参考，为进一步研究不同紫苏的耐密特性奠定了基础。
