Li Wei-Ping, Wei Chang-Ling, Zhang Chen-Wu, Guo Bao-Lin
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 Feb;44(3):454-459. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180820.010.
Fifty cultivated Perilla seeds were collected all over the country and planted in Beijing experiment field for morphology and chemical-type researches. Twenty morphological characteristics were selected and observed, and the essential oil from leaves was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS to confirm chemical-types. There were significant diversities in plant height, leaf color and morphology, and fruit color and weight. Clustering analysis was carried out based on these morphological characteristics. Six types were divided with their chemical-type designated. Type Ⅰ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, with dwarf plants, thin creased purple leaf, named Crispa, their chemical types were diversified, including EK, PAPK, PA and PK. Type Ⅱ: Six germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, plants were taller than type I and with thin and creased green leaf, named Big Crispa, all PK type. Type Ⅲ: Seventeen germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with leaf color upside green and underside purple, tall plant and wide distribution all over the China, named Ordinary Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅳ: Four germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. acuta with tall plant and small seed, named Acuta, all PK. Type Ⅴ: Seven germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with green leaves, tall plants and long clusters, named Long-spike Frutescens, all PK. Type Ⅵ: Ten germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with big, thick and creased leaf, named Thick-leaf Frutescens, including PK, PP, PL and PA. The morphological classification of this paper would lay the foundation for the taxonomic naming and following evaluation of the Perilla germplasm resources.This study also showed that there was no correspondence but a certain correlation between volatile oil chemical-types and subspecies classification and morphological characteristics of Perilla.
收集了全国50份栽培紫苏种子，种植于北京试验田进行形态学和化学类型研究。选取20个形态特征进行观察，并采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取叶片精油，通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析以确定化学类型。在株高、叶色和形态、果实颜色和重量方面存在显著差异。基于这些形态特征进行聚类分析。划分出6个类型并确定其化学类型。Ⅰ型：6份种质，属于皱叶紫苏变种，植株矮小，叶片薄且有褶皱呈紫色，命名为Crispa，其化学类型多样，包括EK、PAPK、PA和PK。Ⅱ型：6份种质，属于皱叶紫苏变种，植株比Ⅰ型高，叶片薄且有褶皱呈绿色，命名为Big Crispa，均为PK型。Ⅲ型：17份种质，属于紫苏变种，叶片上表面绿色下表面紫色，植株高大，在中国分布广泛，命名为普通紫苏，均为PK型。Ⅳ型：4份种质，属于尖叶紫苏变种，植株高大，种子小，命名为Acuta，均为PK型。Ⅴ型：7份种质，属于紫苏变种，叶片绿色，植株高大，果穗长，命名为长穗紫苏，均为PK型。Ⅵ型：10份种质，属于紫苏变种，叶片大、厚且有褶皱，命名为厚叶紫苏，包括PK、PP、PL和PA。本文的形态学分类将为紫苏种质资源的分类命名及后续评价奠定基础。本研究还表明，紫苏挥发油化学类型与亚种分类及形态特征之间不存在对应关系，但存在一定相关性。
