Zhao Yu-Jiao, Peng Hua-Sheng
School of Pharmary, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China.
School of Pharmary, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit(No.2019RU057), National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 Apr;45(8):1960-1967. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200205.106.
As a medicine, Heshouwu was first appeared in Kaibao Bencao in Song Dynasty, which was a traditional tonic medicine. In recent years, the hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu has attracted great attention of domestic and foreign scholars. This paper has carried out textual research on illustration, quality evaluation, toxic and side effects of the Heshouwu in the historical Bencao(materia medica) literature. Illustrations of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are basically Polygonum multiflorum. Only in Taiyixian Zhibencao Yaoxing Daquan and Tujie Bencao, illustrations of Heshouwu may be Pteroxygonum giraldii and Dioscorea bulbifera, respectively. Illustrations of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are quite different from those of the genus Cynanchum in Asclepiadaceae. In the biography of Heshouwu, the author has noticed the abnormal vascular bundle in the root tuber of Heshouwu, which was inherited by the historical Bencao literatures. This is also one of the evidences to infer that Heshouwu is from Polygonaceae plant P. multiflorum. The description of abnormal vascular bundle in the historical Bencao literatures has been developed and evolved into the term "brocaded patterns", and it is considered that "five petals are good". Furthermore, ancient medical scientists have noticed that there are toxic differences in different characters of Heshouwu, that is, "Heshouwu with abundant parenchyma cells, low fibrous and large is superior in quality", "the hard and fibrous root tuber of P. multiflorum has toxic side effects". In this paper, the germplasm and the theory of assessing the quality by distinguishing features of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of Heshouwu in the historical Bencao literatures are reviewed, which provides the basis of materia medica for the quality evaluation of Heshowu.
何首乌作为一味中药，最早出现于宋代的《开宝本草》，是一味传统的滋补药。近年来，何首乌的肝毒性引起了国内外学者的高度关注。本文对历代本草文献中何首乌的附图、质量评价、毒副作用等进行了考证。历代本草文献中何首乌的附图基本为蓼科何首乌。仅在《太医院秘藏本草药性大全》和《图经本草》中，何首乌附图可能分别为翼蓼和黄独。历代本草文献中何首乌的附图与萝摩科鹅绒藤属植物的附图差异较大。在何首乌条下，笔者注意到何首乌块根中有异常维管束，历代本草文献亦有传承。这也是推断何首乌来源于蓼科植物何首乌的证据之一。历代本草文献对异常维管束的描述发展演变为“云锦花纹”，并认为“五瓣者良”。此外，古代医药学家已注意到何首乌不同性状存在毒性差异，即“质润皮薄、纤维少、块根大的何首乌质量上乘”，“何首乌质地坚硬、纤维性强的块根有副作用”。本文对历代本草文献中何首乌的种质及中药材性状鉴评理论进行了综述，为何首乌的质量评价提供了本草依据。
