2860 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
Hum Factors. 2021 Nov;63(7):1156-1168. doi: 10.1177/0018720820924602. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of augmented feedback on participants' workload, performance, and distribution of visual attention.
An important question in human-machine interface design is whether the operator should be provided with direct solutions. We focused on the solution space diagram (SSD), a type of augmented feedback that shows directly whether two aircraft are on conflicting trajectories.
One group of novices ( = 13) completed conflict detection tasks with SSD, whereas a second group ( = 11) performed the same tasks without SSD. Eye-tracking was used to measure visual attention distribution.
The mean self-reported task difficulty was substantially lower for the SSD group compared to the No-SSD group. The SSD group had a better conflict detection rate than the No-SSD group, whereas false-positive rates were equivalent. High false-positive rates for some scenarios were attributed to participants who misunderstood the SSD. Compared to the No-SSD group, the SSD group spent a large proportion of their time looking at the SSD aircraft while looking less at other areas of interest.
Augmented feedback makes the task subjectively easier but has side effects related to visual tunneling and misunderstanding.
Caution should be exercised when human operators are expected to reproduce task solutions that are provided by augmented visual feedback.
本研究旨在探讨增强反馈对参与者工作负荷、绩效和视觉注意力分布的影响。
人机界面设计中的一个重要问题是，是否应该为操作员提供直接的解决方案。我们专注于解决方案空间图（SSD），这是一种增强反馈，可直接显示两架飞机是否在冲突航迹上。
一组新手（n=13）使用 SSD 完成冲突检测任务，而第二组（n=11）则在没有 SSD 的情况下执行相同的任务。使用眼动追踪来测量视觉注意力分布。
与无 SSD 组相比，SSD 组的平均自我报告任务难度明显较低。SSD 组的冲突检测率高于无 SSD 组，而假阳性率相当。一些场景中的高假阳性率归因于参与者对 SSD 的误解。与无 SSD 组相比，SSD 组在 SSD 飞机上花费了大量时间，而对其他感兴趣的区域的关注度较低。
增强反馈使任务在主观上变得更容易，但也存在与视觉隧道和误解相关的副作用。
当预期人类操作员再现由增强视觉反馈提供的任务解决方案时，应谨慎行事。
