Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
Anal Chem. 2020 Jul 21;92(14):9429-9440. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00415. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
Many research institutions, clinical diagnostic laboratories, and blood banks are desperately searching for a possibility to identify and quantify heme in different physiological and pathological settings as well as various research applications. The reasons for this are the toxicity of the heme and the fact that it acts as a hemolytic and pro-inflammatory molecule. Heme only exerts these severe and undesired effects when it is not incorporated in hemoproteins. Upon release from the hemoproteins, it enters a biologically available state (labile heme), in which it is loosely associated with proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or other molecules. While the current methods and procedures for quantitative determination of heme have been used for many years in different settings, their value is limited by the challenging chemical properties of heme. A major cause of inadequate quantification is the separation of labile and permanently bound heme and its high aggregation potential. Thus, none of the current methods are utilized as a generally applicable, standardized approach. The aim of this Feature is to describe and summarize the most common and frequently used chemical, analytical, and biochemical methods for the quantitative determination of heme. Based on this overview, the most promising approaches for future solutions to heme quantification are highlighted.
许多研究机构、临床诊断实验室和血库都在拼命寻找一种可能的方法，以在不同的生理和病理环境以及各种研究应用中识别和定量血红素。之所以会这样，是因为血红素具有毒性，而且它是一种溶血和促炎分子。只有当血红素不结合在血红素蛋白中时，它才会产生这些严重和不良的影响。血红素从血红素蛋白中释放出来后，就会进入一种具有生物活性的状态（不稳定的血红素），在这种状态下，它与蛋白质、脂质、核酸或其他分子松散结合。虽然目前用于定量测定血红素的方法和程序已经在不同的环境中使用了多年，但它们的价值受到血红素化学性质的限制。定量不足的一个主要原因是不稳定和永久结合的血红素的分离及其高聚集潜力。因此，目前没有一种方法被用作普遍适用的标准化方法。本专题的目的是描述和总结最常见和常用的用于定量测定血红素的化学、分析和生化方法。在此基础上，突出了血红素定量未来解决方案中最有前途的方法。
