Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
J Vector Ecol. 2020 Jun;45(1):127-134. doi: 10.1111/jvec.12380.
Biting midges are of interest to public health because they play an important role as vectors of disease-causing pathogens, as well as being a biting nuisance to humans and domestic animals. Although these insects are common in mangrove areas, they have not yet been studied in this ecosystem in the state of Maranhão (MA), Brazil. The objective of this study was to characterize the Culicoides community structure found in a mangrove swamp and verify if the use of vertebrate feces as bait interferes with their composition, richness, abundance, or seasonality. CDC light traps with vertebrate (chicken, ox, control, donkey, capuchin monkey and pig) feces baits were used to capture biting midges in a mangrove area of the Island of São Luís, MA. A total of 4,087 individuals representing 22 species of Culicoides were captured, the most abundant being C. (Oecacta) furens Poey (23.46%), C. (gr. Fluviatilis) leopoldoi Ortiz (21.58%), C. (Hoffmania) ignacioi Forattini (16.98%), C. (Hoffmania) maruim Lutz (13.85%), C. (Diphaomyia) iriartei Fox (10.57%), C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz (7.07%), and C. (gr. Limai) limai Barreto (3.03%). Species richness and abundance were higher when baits of capuchin monkey (15 species; 26.84% of the individuals) and pig (15; 25.3%) feces were used. The least attractive baits were donkey (12 species; 9.3%) and ox (nine species; 11.52%) feces. Biting midges were more abundant in the rainy season (67%), but richness was higher in the dry season (19 species). These results show that vertebrate feces may serve as olfactory cues and increase the attraction of biting midges to traps.
吸血蠓因其作为病原体的传播媒介的重要作用以及对人类和家畜的叮咬危害而引起公共卫生关注。尽管这些昆虫在红树林地区很常见，但它们在巴西马拉尼昂州（MA）的这个生态系统中尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是描述在红树林沼泽中发现的库蠓群落结构，并验证使用脊椎动物粪便作为诱饵是否会干扰其组成、丰富度、丰度或季节性。使用带有脊椎动物（鸡、牛、对照、驴、卷尾猴和猪）粪便诱饵的 CDC 灯诱陷阱在 MA 圣路易斯岛的红树林地区捕获吸血蠓。共捕获了 4087 只代表 22 种库蠓的个体，其中最丰富的是 C. (Oecacta) furens Poey（23.46%）、C. (gr. Fluviatilis) leopoldoi Ortiz（21.58%）、C. (Hoffmania) ignacioi Forattini（16.98%）、C. (Hoffmania) maruim Lutz（13.85%）、C. (Diphaomyia) iriartei Fox（10.57%）、C. (Hoffmania) insignis Lutz（7.07%）和 C. (gr. Limai) limai Barreto（3.03%）。当使用卷尾猴（15 种；个体的 26.84%）和猪（15 种；25.3%）粪便作为诱饵时，物种丰富度和丰度更高。驴（12 种；9.3%）和牛（9 种；11.52%）粪便作为诱饵的吸引力最低。吸血蠓在雨季（67%）更为丰富，但在旱季（19 种）的丰富度更高。这些结果表明，脊椎动物粪便可以作为嗅觉线索，并增加吸血蠓对陷阱的吸引力。
