Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Jan 12;59(1):240-247. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab150.
Biting midges are widespread in Brazilian natural ecosystems. However, deforestation and other activities that impact the environment are reducing natural habitats where biting midges proliferate. The objective of this study was to verify whether there is variation in the composition, richness, abundance, and seasonality of biting midges between wild and rural environments, in a forest area with intense deforestation. Biting midges were captured using 6 traps installed at an average height of 1.5 m in the peridomicile, intradomicile, and deciduous seasonal forests, once a month from May 2012 to April 2013. In total, 2,182 specimens of 13 species of the genus Culicoides were captured. Species richness was similar in the intradomicile (13 species), forest (12), and peridomicile (11), but species diversity was greater in the peridomicile (H' = 0.803) compared with the intradomicile (H' = 0.717) and forest (H' = 0.687). The order of species dominance varied between the forest (Culicoides paucienfuscatus Barbosa > Culicoides leopodoi Ortiz > Culicoides foxi Ortiz > Culicoides ignacioi Forattini) and peridomicile + intradomicile habitats (C. paucienfuscatus > C. foxi > C. filariferus Hoffman > C. ignacioi). The activity of these dipterans was strongly influenced by meteorological variables, as biting midges are predominant in the rainy season (80.7% of specimens), when higher rainfall, relative humidity, and lower temperatures prevail. The abundance of biting midges was higher in the peridomicile + intradomicile (83.7% of specimens) compared with the degraded forest (16.3%), a result that reflects the loss of forest habitat due to intense and progressive deforestation.
巴西自然生态系统中广泛存在吸血蠓。然而，森林砍伐和其他影响环境的活动正在减少吸血蠓滋生的自然栖息地。本研究的目的是验证在森林地区森林砍伐严重的情况下，野生环境与农村环境之间吸血蠓的组成、丰富度、丰度和季节性是否存在差异。2012 年 5 月至 2013 年 4 月，每月一次，使用 6 个陷阱在围场、室内和季节性落叶林中以平均 1.5 米的高度安装在围场、室内和季节性落叶林中，捕获吸血蠓。共捕获了 13 种库蠓属的 2182 只标本。室内（13 种）、森林（12 种）和围场（11 种）的物种丰富度相似，但围场（H'=0.803）的物种多样性大于室内（H'=0.717）和森林（H'=0.687）。物种优势的顺序在森林（库蠓属 paucienfuscatus Barbosa > 库蠓属 leopodoi Ortiz > 库蠓属 foxi Ortiz > 库蠓属 ignacioi Forattini）和围场+室内栖息地（库蠓属 paucienfuscatus > 库蠓属 foxi > 库蠓属 filariferus Hoffman > 库蠓属 ignacioi）之间有所不同。这些双翅目昆虫的活动受到气象变量的强烈影响，因为吸血蠓在雨季（80.7%的标本）中占优势，此时降雨量、相对湿度较高，温度较低。围场+室内（83.7%的标本）的吸血蠓数量高于退化森林（16.3%），这反映了由于强烈和渐进的森林砍伐导致森林栖息地的丧失。
