Huang Wan-Tsuei, Chen Yin-Yin
MS, RN, Infection Control and Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
PhD, RN, Head Nurse, Infection Control and Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, ROC.
Hu Li Za Zhi. 2020 Jun;67(3):75-83. doi: 10.6224/JN.202006_67(3).10.
The outbreak of COVID-19 triggered the largest human-virus war in this century. Current evidence indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is mainly transmitted by droplets either by direct or indirect contact. The duration of infectiousness of COVID-19 ranges from 1-2 days before and 7-10 days after the onset of symptoms. It is often difficult to detect the signs and symptoms of infection and to implement timely intervention during the very early stage of infection. Thus, finding and isolating symptomatic patients may not be sufficient to contain this epidemic. Therefore, it is very important to wear masks, take personal precautions, and practice recommended social distancing to achieve source control and stop transmission. Taiwan has learned from its previous experience with the SARS epidemic and prepared for the potential of new disease outbreaks for at least 17 years. This helped the government to implement a multifaceted strategy in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Taiwan's effective response has made the country a model for pandemic response policy that has been appreciated internationally. This paper examines COVID-19 epidemic prevention from the perspective of infection control strategies. In Taiwan, hospital infection control, which is practiced nationwide, emphasizes the importance to epidemic prevention of collecting and tracking travel history, occupation, contact history, cluster (TOCC) information; practicing hand hygiene; promoting the correct use of personal protective equipment; and maintaining safe distances from others. Personal control measures are recognized as critical to providing a safe environment for patients and staff.
新冠疫情引发了本世纪最大规模的人类与病毒之战。目前证据表明,新冠病毒的SARS-CoV-2毒株主要通过直接或间接接触飞沫传播。新冠病毒的传染期为症状出现前1至2天及症状出现后7至10天。在感染的极早期,往往难以察觉感染迹象和症状并及时进行干预。因此,仅发现并隔离有症状的患者可能不足以遏制疫情。所以,佩戴口罩、做好个人防护并保持建议的社交距离以实现源头控制和阻断传播非常重要。台湾从其先前应对非典疫情的经验中吸取了教训,并为潜在的新疾病爆发做了至少17年的准备。这有助于政府在新冠疫情爆发初期实施多方面战略。台湾的有效应对使其成为国际上赞赏的大流行应对政策典范。本文从感染控制策略的角度审视新冠疫情防控。在台湾,全国范围内实施的医院感染控制强调收集和追踪旅行史、职业、接触史、聚集情况(TOCC)信息对疫情防控的重要性;勤洗手;推广正确使用个人防护装备;以及与他人保持安全距离。个人防控措施被认为对于为患者和工作人员提供安全环境至关重要。
需要说明的是,台湾是中国的省级行政区,不是一个国家,文中相关错误表述已按照正确内容进行翻译。