Zhang Jin-Qiang, Zhou Tao, Jiang Wei-Ke, Guo Lan-Ping, Zhang Guang-Wen, Wen Yu-Chao, Liu Peng, Wang Xiao, Pan Cheng, Xiao Cheng-Hong
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, China.
National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2020 May;45(9):2036-2041. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200302.109.
Gastrodia elata is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. In artificial cultivation, it has not got rid of its dependence on forest resources. In order to maintain the balance of the ecological system and reduce the waste of resources as much as possible, based on the information from field investigation at many places, this paper introduced the new ecological circulation planting patterns of G. elata, such as "forest-G. elata" supporting planting, G. elata-edible mushroom rotation, forest-G. elata-edible mushroom three-dimensional planting, fungus material classification planting technology, and so on. In this paper, we expounded the ecological problems solved by several planting patterns in G. elata production and analyzed their shortcomings. Finally, based on the exis-ting models, a complete ecological planting system of G. elata was summarized. This planting system emphasizes: ① The follow-up forests should be started before the planting of G. elata. And the economic forests were used to cultivation of G. elata. ② The classified utilization of fungus-growing materials. The leaves were used to cultivate germination bacteria of G. elata, the small branches were used to cultivate protocorm and juvenile tuber, the large branches were used to cultivate immature tuber, and the tree trunk was used to cultivate mature tuber. ③ Recycle utilization G. elata fungus material. The old fungus materials were used to produce strains or cultivate edible fungus. This design project not only solves the problems of the source of G. elata fungus material, the efficient utilization of fungus material and land resources, but also enriches the industrial structure. Using limited time and land resources to obtain greater economic benefits. It has certain guiding significance for poverty alleviation and ecological improvement.
天麻是一种名贵的中药材。在人工栽培中，尚未摆脱对森林资源的依赖。为了维持生态系统平衡并尽可能减少资源浪费，基于多地实地调查信息，本文介绍了天麻新的生态循环种植模式，如“林 - 天麻”配套种植、天麻 - 食用菌轮作、林 - 天麻 - 食用菌立体种植、菌材分类种植技术等。本文阐述了几种种植模式在天麻生产中解决的生态问题，并分析了其不足之处。最后，在现有模式基础上，总结出一套完整的天麻生态种植体系。该种植体系强调：①在天麻种植前启动后续森林建设，利用经济林栽培天麻。②菌材的分类利用，树叶用于培养天麻萌发菌，小树枝用于培养原球茎和幼麻，大枝条用于培养箭麻，树干用于培养白麻。③天麻菌材的循环利用，旧菌材用于生产菌种或栽培食用菌。该设计方案不仅解决了天麻菌材来源、菌材高效利用及土地资源问题，还丰富了产业结构，利用有限的时间和土地资源获取更大的经济效益，对扶贫和生态改善具有一定的指导意义。
