Jiang Wei-Ke, Zhang Jin-Qiang, Guo Lan-Ping, Yang Ye, Xiao Cheng-Hong, Yuan Qing-Song, Wang Xiao, Zhou Tao
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, China.
National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 May;47(9):2277-2280. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220218.101.
Due to the special biological characteristics, Gastrodia elata suffers from high resource consumption and low utilization rate in modern agricultural production, which significantly block the green and healthy development of this industry. Based on the theory and technology in ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, this study analyzed the challenges in ecological cultivation of G. elata, such as waste of fungus material, a few cultivation modes available, continuous cropping obstacles, frequent occurrence of diseases, and poor stability of ecological structure. According to the production practice, the following suggestions were proposed for ecological cultivation of G. elata: following the principle of environmental protection and no pollution, selecting suitable habitats to yield high-quality medicinal materials, committing to green control of diseases and pests, upgrading industrial structure to maximize the benefits, establishing a sound mechanism for protecting the genetic diversity of wild G. elata, carrying out simulative habitat cultivation to improve medicinal material quality, adopting science-based planning of fungus resources to relieve forestry pressure, enhancing the recycling and utilization of fungus materials, and applying diversified cultivation modes to improve the stability of ecological structure. The result is expected to provide a reference for the quality development of G. elata industry.
由于天麻特殊的生物学特性，在现代农业生产中存在资源消耗大、利用率低的问题，这严重阻碍了该产业的绿色健康发展。基于中药材生态栽培的理论与技术，本研究分析了天麻生态栽培中存在的挑战，如菌材浪费、栽培模式单一、连作障碍、病害频发以及生态结构稳定性差等。结合生产实践，对天麻生态栽培提出以下建议：遵循环保无污染原则，选择适宜生境以产出优质药材，致力于病虫害绿色防控，升级产业结构以实现效益最大化，建立健全野生天麻遗传多样性保护机制，开展仿野生栽培以提高药材品质，科学规划菌材资源以减轻林业压力，加强菌材的循环利用，并采用多样化栽培模式以提高生态结构的稳定性。研究结果有望为天麻产业的高质量发展提供参考。
