University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
Assessment. 2021 Jan;28(1):44-56. doi: 10.1177/1073191120927788. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Malingered attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be strongly motivated on college campuses by recreational use of ADHD medications and to obtain unwarranted academic accommodations. Rather than rely on face-valid (easily faked) ADHD checklists, the study focused on the more complex Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth edition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008). However, the current literature has not yet investigated well-defined detection strategies for feigned WAIS-IV presentations. Using aprioristic standards, four different detection strategies from the feigning literature were adapted to certain WAIS-IV subscales. For example, significantly below-chance performance was applied to visual puzzles. Using a between-subjects simulation design, 74 undergraduate simulators were compared with archival data on 73 outpatients diagnosed with ADHD at a university psychology clinic. Very large effect sizes (Cohen's s from 1.66 to 1.90) differentiated between genuine and feigned ADHD. Two strategies (significantly below-chance performance and floor effect) showed strong promise if cross-validated for other feigning presentations. The study concluded with clinical considerations and future avenues for research.
伪装的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）可能在大学校园里因滥用 ADHD 药物和获得不正当的学术便利而受到强烈的激励。该研究不是依赖于表面效度（容易伪造）的 ADHD 检查表，而是专注于更复杂的韦氏成人智力量表第四版（WAIS-IV；Wechsler，2008 年）。然而，目前的文献尚未研究出针对伪装的 WAIS-IV 表现的明确检测策略。该研究使用先验标准，从伪装文献中改编了四种不同的检测策略，适用于某些 WAIS-IV 分量表。例如，显著低于机会的表现适用于视觉拼图。使用被试间模拟设计，将 74 名本科生模拟者与在大学心理诊所诊断为 ADHD 的 73 名门诊患者的档案数据进行比较。在区分真正的 ADHD 和伪装的 ADHD 时，非常大的效应量（Cohen 的 s 从 1.66 到 1.90）具有很大的区分度。如果对其他伪装表现进行交叉验证，两种策略（显著低于机会的表现和地板效应）具有很大的潜力。该研究最后提出了临床考虑和未来的研究方向。
