School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Aging Ment Health. 2021 Jul;25(7):1361-1372. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1768212. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
An extensive study investigated the risk factors for low well-being in post-retirement. Most previous studies have taken a unidimensional perspective, focusing on single factors such as financial status, physical health, and mental health.
Drawing on the vulnerability framework, we first identify and describe the empirical subgroups of vulnerability among retirees in the United States across four major domains of later life: material, physical, social, and mental vulnerability. Then, we investigate the association between vulnerability profiles and well-being.
The sample included 3,158 retirees aged 65+ who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Latent class analysis was utilized to identify the heterogeneous subgroups of vulnerability, and then a series of OLS regression analyses was conducted to examine the relationship between patterns of vulnerability and well-being.
Five vulnerability patterns were identified: material vulnerable (12%), health & social vulnerable (14%), material, health & social vulnerable (6%), least vulnerable (34%), and social vulnerable (35%). The had the strongest negative influence on well-being among all subgroups. As the largest subgroup, the negative influence on well-being stood out, with a stronger effect than that of material privation experienced by those in the
By empirically identifying subgroups of differential vulnerability patterns among retirees, this study showed that post-retirement vulnerability reflects complex interactions among multiple disadvantages. Findings of this study enhance understanding of the disparities in well-being within the retired population, pointing to the possibility of targeted policy and program development.
一项广泛的研究调查了退休后幸福感低下的风险因素。大多数先前的研究都采用了单一维度的视角，关注单一因素，如财务状况、身体健康和心理健康。
本研究借鉴脆弱性框架，首先确定并描述美国退休人员在物质、身体、社会和心理四个晚年主要领域的脆弱性经验性亚组。然后，我们调查了脆弱性特征与幸福感之间的关系。
样本包括 3158 名年龄在 65 岁及以上的参加健康与退休研究（HRS）的退休人员。采用潜在类别分析来识别脆弱性的异质亚组，然后进行一系列 OLS 回归分析，以检验脆弱性模式与幸福感之间的关系。
确定了五种脆弱性模式：物质脆弱性（12%）、健康和社会脆弱性（14%）、物质、健康和社会脆弱性（6%）、最不脆弱性（34%）和社会脆弱性（35%）。与所有亚组相比，健康和社会脆弱性对幸福感的负面影响最强。作为最大的亚组，健康和社会脆弱性对幸福感的负面影响尤为突出，其影响大于物质匮乏对那些处于的影响。
通过实证识别退休人员脆弱性模式的亚组，本研究表明，退休后的脆弱性反映了多种劣势之间的复杂相互作用。本研究的发现增强了对退休人群幸福感差异的理解，指出了制定有针对性的政策和方案的可能性。
