Hughes Karen W, Matheny P Brandon, Miller Andrew N, Petersen Ronald H, Iturriaga Teresa M, Johnson Kristine D, Methven Andrew S, Raudabaugh Daniel B, Swenie Rachel A, Bruns Thomas D
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.
Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820.
Mycologia. 2020 Jul-Aug;112(4):677-698. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1740381. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Following a late fall wildfire in 2016 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, pyrophilous fungi in burn zones were documented over a 2-y period with respect to burn severity and phenology. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) barcodes were obtained to confirm morphological evaluations. Forty-one taxa of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified from burn sites and categorized as fruiting only in response to fire or fruiting enhanced by fire. Twenty-two species of Pezizales (Ascomycota) were among the earliest to form ascomata in severe burn zones, only one of which had previously been documented in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Nineteen species of Basidiomycota, primarily Agaricales, were also documented. Among these, only five species (, and ) were considered to be obligate pyrophilous taxa, but fruiting of two additional taxa ( and ) was clearly enhanced by fire. was an early colonizer of severe burn sites and persisted through the winter of 2017 and into spring and summer of 2018, often appearing in close association with seedlings. Fruiting of pyrophilous fungi peaked 4-6 mo post fire then diminished, but some continued to fruit up to 2.5 y after the fire. In all, a total of 27 previously unrecorded taxa were added to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) database (~0.9%). Most pyrophilous fungi identified in this study are either cosmopolitan or have a Northern Hemisphere distribution, but cryptic endemic lineages were detected in and . One new combination, var. f. , is proposed.
2016年秋末，大烟山国家公园发生野火后，在两年时间里对燃烧区域的嗜热真菌进行了记录，涉及燃烧严重程度和物候学。获取了核糖体DNA内转录间隔区（ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS）条形码以确认形态学评估。从燃烧地点鉴定出41种子囊菌门和担子菌门真菌，并将其分类为仅因火灾而结实或因火灾而结实增强。盘菌目（子囊菌门）的22个物种是严重燃烧区域最早形成子囊果的物种之一，其中只有一个此前在大烟山国家公园有记录。还记录了19种担子菌门真菌，主要是伞菌目。其中，只有5个物种（、和）被认为是专性嗜热类群，但另外两个类群（和）的结实明显因火灾而增强。是严重燃烧地点的早期定殖者，在2017年冬季持续存在，并进入2018年的春季和夏季，经常与幼苗紧密相伴出现。嗜热真菌的结实高峰出现在火灾后4 - 6个月，然后减少，但有些在火灾后长达2.5年仍继续结实。总共27个先前未记录的类群被添加到所有生物分类多样性清单（ATBI）数据库中（约0.9%）。本研究中鉴定的大多数嗜热真菌要么是世界性分布，要么分布在北半球，但在和中检测到了隐秘的特有谱系。提出了一个新组合，变种f.。
