Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby, 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
Chemosphere. 2020 Oct;257:127218. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127218. Epub 2020 May 27.
The chemical contamination of terrestrial ecosystems is a great concern as these ecosystems are the target of most of the pollutants derived from anthropogenic activities such as pesticides, heavy metals, nanoparticles, and others. Terrestrial gastropods are considered to be excellent sentinel organisms for biological monitoring of environmental pollution, as they have the ability to accumulate chemicals in their tissues and exhibit a great potential to evaluate the ecological effects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. The use of biomarkers as sensitive parameters to estimate the exposure or resulting effects of chemicals have received considerable attention. The successful biomarker must be applicable in the laboratory and field conditions. Many biomarkers have been examined to understand the adverse effects of pollutants. In this review, we shed light on different types of biomarkers, such as oxidative stress, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity as diagnostic tools for monitoring the impacts of pollution. These biomarkers can provide information about early detection and quantification of these impacts during their initial manifestations and can facilitate the implementation of a rapid preventive and/or restorative responses in the affected ecosystems, as well as single or multiple biomarkers can be integrated into routine monitoring programs.
陆地生态系统的化学污染是一个令人关注的问题，因为这些生态系统是大多数源自人为活动的污染物的目标，如农药、重金属、纳米颗粒等。陆地腹足动物被认为是生物监测环境污染的优秀哨兵生物，因为它们有能力在组织中积累化学物质，并具有评估污染物对陆地生态系统生态影响的巨大潜力。使用生物标志物作为敏感参数来估计化学物质的暴露或由此产生的影响已受到相当多的关注。成功的生物标志物必须适用于实验室和现场条件。已经研究了许多生物标志物来了解污染物的不利影响。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了不同类型的生物标志物，如氧化应激、遗传毒性和免疫毒性，作为监测污染影响的诊断工具。这些生物标志物可以提供有关在其初始表现期间早期检测和量化这些影响的信息，并有助于在受影响的生态系统中实施快速的预防和/或恢复反应，并且可以将单个或多个生物标志物整合到常规监测计划中。
