Validation of different stepping counters during treadmill and over ground walking.

BACKGROUND

Commercially available physical activity trackers are very popular in the general population and are increasingly common in clinical and research settings. The marketfor activity trackers are rapidly expanding, requiring them to be validated on an ongoing basis. Different approaches have been used for validating these devices. Studies using treadmills shows good step-counting accuracy although test performed in field tests settings are limited.

RESEARCH QUESTION

Does step-counting validity differ between a field test and a treadmill protocol for different types of activity trackers?

METHODS

Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study, mean age was 28.2 (± 4.33) years, body mass 78.9 (± 12.9) kg, and height 178.5 (± 9.7) cm. A treadmill protocol with three different walking speeds (2, 3 and 4 km/h) and a 982 m field test was used. During the tests, participants' feet were filmed using a waist-mounted camera. The number of steps were extracted from the video data and used for comparison with four different step counters: a) Polar M200; b) Polar A300; c) Dunlop pedometer; d) Samsung Galaxy S9 smartphone. Validity and agreement determined was determined with the use of Bland-Altman plot and Spearman's correlation.

RESULTS

Validity was higher for the field test compared to the 4 km/h treadmill test for all tested devices. The smartphone was the most accurate in terms of error, validity and agreement for both the treadmill and field test. All devices performed poorly for the 2 km/h treadmill test and only the smartphone performed well at 3 km/h.

SIGNIFICANCE

The results of this study show that step counting validity and error obtained during treadmill walking is not similar to a field test. Future validation studies of activity trackers should consider this when designing a protocol. The smartphone had the lowest mean bias during the field test.