Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, třída Míru 117, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, třída Míru 117, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Gait Posture. 2020 Jul;80:84-89. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.014. Epub 2020 May 16.
Ageing commonly disrupts the balance control and compensatory postural responses that contribute to maintaining balance and preventing falls during perturbation of posture. Improvement of compensatory postural responses during walking is one of the main goals in fall prevention programs which often include treadmill walking training. However, during treadmill walking, there is a sensory (visualsomatosensory and vestibular-somatosensory) conflict that can evoke aftereffects of self-motion sensation and could alter postural stability after training.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of overground and treadmill walking on postural stability in healthy young and elderly subjects.
Postural responses of 31 Young and 19 healthy Elderly before and after overground and treadmill walking were assessed by a force platform in four stance conditions: firm and foam surface with eyes open and eyes closed.
In Elderly group, velocity parameters significantly increased after treadmill walking but not after overground walking. This increase was found particularly in the conditions with eyes open in both types of surfaces (firm, foam). The velocity parameters values (expect Vx) were significantly increased in Elderly compared to Young almost in all four conditions after treadmill and overground walking.
Our study suggests that Elderly become more unstable after treadmill walking and have greater difficulties to adapt to new balance circumstances caused by sensory conflict associated with treadmill walking. It seems that during treadmill walking and subsequent stance, vision is the major factor contributing to posture stabilization. Thus, the suitability of treadmill walking as a part of training programs for elderly adults with higher fall risk should be seriously considered.
衰老通常会破坏平衡控制和代偿性姿势反应，这些反应有助于在姿势受到干扰时保持平衡和防止跌倒。改善行走时的代偿性姿势反应是预防跌倒计划的主要目标之一，该计划通常包括跑步机行走训练。然而，在跑步机行走时，存在一种感觉（视觉本体感觉和前庭本体感觉）冲突，可能会引起自身运动感觉的后效，并在训练后改变姿势稳定性。
本研究的目的是比较在地面和跑步机上行走对健康年轻和老年受试者的姿势稳定性的影响。
通过力平台在四种站立条件下评估 31 名年轻和 19 名健康老年人在地面和跑步机行走前后的姿势反应：在睁眼和闭眼的坚实和泡沫表面。
在老年组中，跑步机行走后速度参数显著增加，但地面行走后则没有。这种增加在两种表面（坚实、泡沫）的睁眼条件下尤为明显。在跑步机和地面行走后，老年组的速度参数值（除了 Vx）在所有四个条件下都明显高于年轻组。
我们的研究表明，老年人在跑步机行走后变得更加不稳定，并且在适应与跑步机行走相关的感觉冲突引起的新平衡环境方面存在更大的困难。似乎在跑步机行走和随后的站立过程中，视觉是稳定姿势的主要因素。因此，应认真考虑将跑步机行走作为有更高跌倒风险的老年成年人训练计划的一部分。
