University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy.
University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Catania, Italy; University of Sousse, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, 4042, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 10;729:138922. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138922. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Ecotoxicological risk assessments of pesticides on non-target arthropods are often carried out under constant and optimal temperature regimes. However, living organisms rarely experience these conditions in real field situations. Understanding the impact of pesticides on non-target beneficial arthropods under temperature stresses is especially important in terms of global warming. We assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of four modern insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad), on the generalist predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) under a range of temperatures (from 10 to 40°C) frequently experienced in a real field scenario. A reduction coefficient (E) was calculated by summarizing the mortality and predator reproductive capacity and, the chemicals were classified according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) toxicity classes. The insecticides showed a marked synergistic effect with temperature, as the predator mortality and reproductive outputs were significantly correlated with increasing temperatures. Spinosyns interacted significantly with temperature causing the highest mortality and lowest fertility rates. Anthranilic diamides showed a safer ecotoxicological profile compared to spinosyns, with cyantraniliprole being more harmful than chlorantraniliprole. These results suggest that temperature should be taken into account in pesticide ecotoxicology studies within the framework of integrated pest management and the recent climate changes.
通常在恒定和最佳温度条件下对非靶标节肢动物进行农药的生态毒理学风险评估。然而，在实际田间情况下，生物很少经历这些条件。了解在温度胁迫下农药对非靶标有益节肢动物的影响，特别是在全球变暖的情况下，非常重要。我们评估了四种现代杀虫剂（氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、多杀菌素）在实际田间经常遇到的一系列温度（10 至 40°C）下对通用捕食者（盲蝽科：Miridae）的致死和亚致死效应。通过总结死亡率和捕食者繁殖能力来计算减少系数 (E)，并根据国际生物防治组织 (IOBC) 的毒性等级对化学品进行分类。杀虫剂与温度表现出明显的协同作用，因为随着温度的升高，捕食者的死亡率和繁殖产量显著相关。多杀菌素与温度相互作用显著，导致最高的死亡率和最低的生育率。邻苯二甲酰胺类杀虫剂与多杀菌素相比，具有更安全的生态毒理学特性，氰虫酰胺比氯虫苯甲酰胺更具危害性。这些结果表明，在综合虫害管理框架内以及在最近的气候变化中，应在农药生态毒理学研究中考虑温度因素。
