French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), ISA, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Dec;68(12):1523-36. doi: 10.1002/ps.3396. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
Spinosyn-based products, mostly spinosad, have been widely recommended by extension specialists and agribusiness companies; consequently, they have been used to control various pests in many different cropping systems. Following the worldwide adoption of spinosad-based products for integrated and organic farming, an increasing number of ecotoxicological studies have been published in the past 10 years. These studies are primarily related to the risk assessment of spinosad towards beneficial arthropods. This review takes into account recent data with the aim of (i) highlighting potentially adverse effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods (and hence on ecosystem services that they provide in agroecosystems), (ii) clarifying the range of methods used to address spinosyn side effects on biocontrol agents and pollinators in order to provide new insights for the development of more accurate bioassays, (iii) identifying pitfalls when analysing laboratory results to assess field risks and (iv) gaining increasing knowledge on side effects when using spinosad for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes and organic farming. For the first time, a thorough review of possible risks of spinosad and novel spinosyns (such as spinetoram) to beneficial arthropods (notably natural enemies and pollinators) is provided. The acute lethal effect and multiple sublethal effects have been identified in almost all arthropod groups studied. This review will help to optimise the future use of spinosad and new spinosyns in IPM programmes and for organic farming, notably by preventing the possible side effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods.
基于多杀菌素的产品，主要是多杀菌素，已被推广专家和农业综合企业广泛推荐；因此，它们已被用于控制许多不同种植系统中的各种害虫。在全世界采用基于多杀菌素的产品进行综合和有机农业之后，过去 10 年来，越来越多的生态毒理学研究已经发表。这些研究主要与多杀菌素对有益节肢动物的风险评估有关。本综述考虑了最近的数据，目的是：（i）强调多杀菌素对有益节肢动物（以及它们在农业生态系统中提供的生态系统服务）可能产生的不利影响，（ii）澄清用于解决多杀菌素对生物防治剂和传粉媒介副作用的各种方法，以便为开发更准确的生物测定法提供新的见解，（iii）在分析实验室结果以评估田间风险时识别陷阱，以及（iv）在使用多杀菌素进行病虫害综合管理（IPM）计划和有机农业时，不断增加对副作用的了解。本文首次对多杀菌素和新型多杀菌素（如乙基多杀菌素）对有益节肢动物（特别是天敌和传粉媒介）可能产生的风险进行了全面审查。在几乎所有研究的节肢动物群体中都已经确定了急性致死作用和多种亚致死作用。本综述将有助于优化多杀菌素和新型多杀菌素在 IPM 计划和有机农业中的未来使用，特别是通过防止多杀菌素对有益节肢动物可能产生的副作用。
