Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain; Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain.
Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
Maturitas. 2020 Jul;137:30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
To study the association of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and tobacco consumption with body composition during perimenopause.
A cross-sectional study in 176 perimenopausal women from the FLAMENCO project. A food frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Score were assessed. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), ratio of gynecoid to total fat mass (G/T), ratio of android to gynecoid fat mass (A/G), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and waist circumference (WC).
Intake of whole-grain cereals was associated with lower WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of nuts was associated with lower BMI and FM percentage and intake of fruits with lower BMI, WC, total and android FM, FM percentage, A/G, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of pulses was associated with lower weight, BMI and android FM. Intake of whole dairy products was associated with lower weight, BMI, WC, total and android FM and VAT (all p < 0.05). Intake of olive oil was associated with lower WC and FM percentage (all p < 0.05). Intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher weight, BMI, WC, FM percentage, android FM, VAT and total FM (all, p < 0.05). Smokers had a lower MD adherence (p < 0.05). Finally, a greater MD adherence was associated with higher G/T (p < 0.01) and lower A/G (p < 0.05).
A higher MD adherence, avoiding tobacco, an increased consumption of whole-grain cereals, nuts, fruits, pulses, whole dairy products and olive oil, and a lower consumption of sweetened beverages might contribute to a healthier body composition during perimenopause.
研究绝经前期地中海饮食（MD）依从性和烟草消费与身体成分的关系。
这是一项来自 FLAMENCO 项目的 176 名绝经前期女性的横断面研究。评估了食物频率问卷和地中海饮食评分。使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量身体成分。
体重指数（BMI）、脂肪量（FM）、女性型脂肪与总脂肪的比例（G/T）、男性型脂肪与女性型脂肪的比例（A/G）、内脏脂肪组织（VAT）和腰围（WC）。
全谷物摄入量与 WC、FM 百分比、男性型 FM、VAT 和 G/T 较高有关（均 p < 0.05）。坚果摄入量与 BMI 和 FM 百分比较低有关，水果摄入量与 BMI、WC、总 FM 和男性型 FM、FM 百分比、A/G、VAT 和 G/T 较高有关（均 p < 0.05）。豆类摄入量与体重、BMI 和男性型 FM 较低有关。全乳制品摄入量与体重、BMI、WC、总 FM 和男性型 FM 和 VAT 较低有关（均 p < 0.05）。橄榄油摄入量与 WC 和 FM 百分比较低有关（均 p < 0.05）。含糖饮料摄入量与体重、BMI、WC、FM 百分比、男性型 FM、VAT 和总 FM 较高有关（均 p < 0.05）。吸烟者的 MD 依从性较低（p < 0.05）。最后，较高的 MD 依从性与 G/T 较高（p < 0.01）和 A/G 较低有关（p < 0.05）。
绝经前期更高的 MD 依从性、避免吸烟、增加全谷物、坚果、水果、豆类、全乳制品和橄榄油的摄入、减少含糖饮料的摄入，可能有助于绝经前期更健康的身体成分。
