Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2020 Jun;1469(1):38-51. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14410. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
Although there is considerable optimism surrounding adaptive evolutionary responses to global change, relatively little attention has been paid to maladaptation in this context. In this review, we consider how global change might lead populations to become maladapted. We further consider how populations can evolve to new optima, fail to evolve and therefore remain maladapted, or become further maladapted through trait-driven or eco-evo-driven mechanisms after being displaced from their fitness optima. Our goal is to stimulate thinking about evolution as a "double-edged sword" that comprises both adaptive and maladaptive responses, rather than as a "silver bullet" or a purely adaptive mechanism to combat global change. We conclude by discussing how a better appreciation of environmentally driven maladaptation and maladaptive responses might improve our current understanding of population responses to global change and our ability to forecast future responses.
虽然人们对全球变化背景下的适应性进化反应持乐观态度，但相对较少关注适应不良的问题。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了全球变化可能导致种群适应不良的方式。我们还进一步探讨了种群如何进化到新的最优状态，无法进化从而仍然适应不良，或者通过性状驱动或生态进化驱动的机制在从适应最优状态转移后进一步适应不良。我们的目标是激发对进化的思考，将其视为一把“双刃剑”，既包括适应性反应，也包括适应不良的反应，而不是将其视为应对全球变化的“银弹”或纯粹的适应性机制。最后，我们讨论了更好地理解环境驱动的适应不良和适应不良反应如何提高我们对种群对全球变化的反应的现有理解，并提高我们预测未来反应的能力。
