Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco; Laboratory of Plant Bacteriology and Biocontrol, URPP-National Institute of Agricultural Research, Meknes, Morocco.
Department of Environment and Plant Protection, National School of Agriculture of Meknes, Morocco.
Waste Manag. 2020 Jul 15;113:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.035. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
The Fusarium wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Foa) is the most damaging disease in Morocco. It has destroyed more than 12 million trees in the country. Until now, there is no efficient approach to manage this disease. However, biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogens with compost is currently an established horticultural approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compost extracts in the biocontrol of Foa and their mechanism of action and to investigate parameters involved in compost maturity. Maturity (phytotoxicity test), sanitary quality (pathogen indicators) and in vitro suppressive effect of four composts were investigated. Date palm by-products compost produced with forced aeration composting system is not phytotoxic presenting a germination index of 83.78%. In contrast, two commercial composts were phytotoxic. The maturity was negatively correlated with salinity, C/N ratio and total soluble phenols. Concentrations of pathogen indicators were below suggested limits in all composts. The biocontrol test showed that the date palm wastes compost was more effective; from the sixth day of incubation, the unsterilized extract of this compost at 10% showed the highest antagonistic effect against the pathogen with an inhibition rate of 100%. The inhibition rate using microfiltrated extract didn't exceed 30%. All autoclaved extracts lost their antagonistic effect against the indicator fungus. Thus, the suppressive effect is mainly due to the indigenous microorganisms. Findings indicate the relevance of maturity in the evaluation of compost quality and the efficiency of date palm wastes compost in the suppression of Foa.
由尖孢镰刀菌复合种（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis）引起的枣椰树枯萎病是摩洛哥最具破坏性的疾病。它已经摧毁了该国超过 1200 万棵树。到目前为止，还没有有效的方法来管理这种疾病。然而，用堆肥控制土壤传播的植物病原菌目前是一种成熟的园艺方法。本研究旨在评估堆肥提取物对 Foa 的生物防治效果及其作用机制，并研究堆肥成熟度相关的参数。研究了四种堆肥的成熟度（植物毒性测试）、卫生质量（病原体指标）和体外抑制效果。使用强制通风堆肥系统生产的枣椰树副产物堆肥没有植物毒性，发芽指数为 83.78%。相比之下，两种商业堆肥具有植物毒性。成熟度与盐度、C/N 比和总可溶性酚呈负相关。所有堆肥中的病原体指标浓度均低于建议限值。生物防治试验表明，枣椰树废物堆肥更有效；从培养的第六天开始，未经灭菌的 10%这种堆肥的提取物表现出对病原菌最高的拮抗作用，抑制率为 100%。微滤提取物的抑制率不超过 30%。所有经高压灭菌的提取物都失去了对指示真菌的拮抗作用。因此，抑制作用主要归因于土著微生物。研究结果表明，在评价堆肥质量时，成熟度具有相关性，枣椰树废物堆肥在抑制 Foa 方面具有高效性。
