German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
German Environment Agency, Toxicology, Health-related Environmental Monitoring, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Jul;228:113549. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113549. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
The 5th cycle of the German Environmental Survey (GerES V) investigated the internal human exposure of children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in Germany to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The fieldwork of the population-representative GerES V was performed from 2014 to 2017. In total, 1109 blood plasma samples were analysed for 12 PFAS including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). PFOS was quantified in all and PFOA in almost all samples, demonstrating ubiquitous exposure. The highest geometric mean concentrations measured were 2.49 ng/mL for PFOS, followed by PFOA (1.12 ng/mL) and PFHxS (0.36 ng/mL), while concentrations of other PFAS were found in much lower concentrations. The 95th percentile levels of PFOS and PFOA were 6.00 and 3.24 ng/mL, respectively. The results document a still considerable exposure of the young generation to the phased out chemicals PFOS and PFOA. The observed exposure levels vary substantially between individuals and might be due to different multiple sources. The relative contribution of various exposure parameters such as diet or the specific use of consumer products need to be further explored. Although additional investigations on the time trend of human exposure are warranted, GerES V underlines the need for an effective and sustainable regulation of PFAS as a whole.
德国环境调查（GerES V）的第五轮研究调查了德国 3-17 岁儿童和青少年体内的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的内暴露情况。该具有代表性的人口普查工作于 2014 年至 2017 年进行。共分析了 1109 份血样，检测了 12 种 PFAS，包括全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）。所有样本均检测到 PFOS，几乎所有样本都检测到 PFOA，表明存在普遍的暴露。所测浓度最高的几何平均值为 2.49ng/mL 的 PFOS，其次是 1.12ng/mL 的 PFOA 和 0.36ng/mL 的 PFHxS，而其他 PFAS 的浓度则要低得多。PFOS 和 PFOA 的第 95 百分位水平分别为 6.00 和 3.24ng/mL。研究结果表明，年轻一代仍然受到已逐步淘汰的化学品 PFOS 和 PFOA 的大量影响。个体之间的暴露水平差异很大，这可能是由于不同的多重来源造成的。需要进一步探讨饮食或特定消费产品使用等各种暴露参数的相对贡献。尽管需要进一步调查人类暴露的时间趋势，但 GerES V 强调需要对 PFAS 进行有效和可持续的监管。
