Division of Plastic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2021 Feb;89(3):415-425. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0991-6. Epub 2020 Jun 5.
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) addresses distinct clinical challenges in pediatric care including: congenital variants, compact anatomy, high procedural risk, and growth over time. We hypothesized that patient-specific applications of 3DP in pediatrics could be categorized into concise, discrete categories of use.
Terms related to "three-dimensional printing" and "pediatrics" were searched on PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Initial search yielded 2122 unique articles; 139 articles characterizing 508 patients met full inclusion criteria.
Four categories of patient-specific 3DP applications were identified: Teaching of families and medical staff (9.3%); Developing intervention strategies (33.9%); Procedural applications, including subtypes: contour models, guides, splints, and implants (43.0%); and Material manufacturing of shaping devices or prosthetics (14.0%). Procedural comparative studies found 3DP devices to be equivalent or better than conventional methods, with less operating time and fewer complications.
Patient-specific applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Medicine can be elegantly classified into four major categories: Teaching, Developing, Procedures, and Materials, sharing the same TDPM acronym. Understanding this schema is important because it promotes further innovation and increased implementation of these devices to improve pediatric care.
This article classifies the pediatric applications of patient-specific three-dimensional printing. This is a first comprehensive review of patient-specific three-dimensional printing in both pediatric medical and surgical disciplines, incorporating previously described classification schema to create one unifying paradigm. Understanding these applications is important since three-dimensional printing addresses challenges that are uniquely pediatric including compact anatomy, unique congenital variants, greater procedural risk, and growth over time. We identified four classifications of patient-specific use: teaching, developing, procedural, and material uses. By classifying these applications, this review promotes understanding and incorporation of this expanding technology to improve the pediatric care.
三维打印（3DP）解决了儿科护理中的一些独特临床挑战，包括：先天性变异、解剖结构紧凑、手术风险高以及随时间推移而生长。我们假设，3DP 在儿科的特定患者应用可以分为简洁、离散的使用类别。
在 PubMed、Scopus、Ovid MEDLINE、Cochrane 中心数据库和 Web of Science 上搜索与“三维打印”和“儿科”相关的术语。初始搜索产生了 2122 篇独特的文章；符合全部纳入标准的 139 篇文章描述了 508 例患者。
确定了 4 种特定患者的 3DP 应用类别：向家属和医务人员进行教学（9.3%）；制定干预策略（33.9%）；手术应用，包括亚型：轮廓模型、引导器、夹板和植入物（43.0%）；以及制造塑形装置或假体的材料（14.0%）。手术比较研究发现，3DP 器械与传统方法等效或更好，操作时间更短，并发症更少。
医学中特定患者的 3DP 应用可以巧妙地分为四大类：教学、开发、手术和材料，统称 TDPM。理解这一方案很重要，因为它促进了这些设备的进一步创新和更广泛应用，以改善儿科护理。
本文对特定患者的三维打印儿科应用进行了分类。这是对儿科医学和外科领域特定患者的三维打印的首次全面审查，结合了以前描述的分类方案，创建了一个统一的范例。理解这些应用很重要，因为 3DP 解决了儿科特有的一些挑战，包括解剖结构紧凑、独特的先天性变异、更大的手术风险以及随时间推移的生长。我们确定了特定患者使用的四个分类：教学、开发、手术和材料使用。通过对这些应用进行分类，本综述促进了对这项不断发展的技术的理解和应用，以改善儿科护理。
