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卡尔· Freiherr·冯·罗基坦斯基的手册与鲁道夫·魏尔啸的批评:罗基坦斯基的体液失调与恶液质学说这一争议性主题以及现代体液病理学的基础。

Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky's Manual and Rudolf Virchow's criticism: The controversial subject of Rokitansky's doctrine of crases and dyscrases and the groundwork for modern humoral pathology.

作者信息

Rokitansky-Tilscher Ursula

机构信息

Kommission für Geschichte und Philosophie der Wissenschaften, Arbeitsgruppe Geschichte der Medizin, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Wien Med Wochenschr. 2020 Sep;170(11-12):284-289. doi: 10.1007/s10354-020-00760-3. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Abstract

For Rokitansky, pathological anatomy was not only a descriptive but also an explanatory science. Since the changes in the solidis (morphological conditions) did not always adequately explain the cause of death, Rokitansky considered that the answers to his research questions were to be found in a combination of solidar pathology and humoral pathology. Many reviewers claim that Rokitansky had fallen back into the "old" humoral pathology. However, Rokitansky's approach to humoral pathology also included the analysis of blood, blood plasma, blood serum, secretions, excretions, lymph and exudates in pathological anatomy. In his research, Rokitansky referred to "the oxidation of protein to fiber", "illnesses of the protein" and "illnesses of the fibrin". Rokitansky postulated that the progression of a disease was determined by the different forms of protein and fibrin in the blood. From his point of view, diseased blood components (dyscrasias) influence the tissue in its cellular and intercellular dimensions. He sought to generate awareness of this interaction in his Krasenlehre, which was criticised by Rudolf Virchow. Only in the past thirty years has research confirmed the visionary dimension of Rokitansky's humoral pathology.

摘要

对罗基坦斯基来说,病理解剖学不仅是一门描述性科学,也是一门解释性科学。由于实体(形态学状况)的变化并不总能充分解释死亡原因,罗基坦斯基认为,他研究问题的答案要在实体病理学和体液病理学的结合中去寻找。许多评论家称罗基坦斯基又回到了“古老的”体液病理学。然而,罗基坦斯基对体液病理学的研究方法还包括在病理解剖学中对血液、血浆、血清、分泌物、排泄物、淋巴液和渗出液进行分析。在他的研究中,罗基坦斯基提到了“蛋白质氧化为纤维”“蛋白质疾病”和“纤维蛋白疾病”。罗基坦斯基假定,疾病的进展由血液中蛋白质和纤维蛋白的不同形式决定。在他看来,患病的血液成分(血液异常)在细胞和细胞间层面影响组织。他试图在自己的《体液学说》中让人们认识到这种相互作用,而这受到了鲁道夫·菲尔绍的批评。直到过去三十年,研究才证实了罗基坦斯基体液病理学的前瞻性。

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