School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(24):29943-29953. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09398-5. Epub 2020 Jun 6.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management and recycling has become an emerging issue in developing countries. Shanghai, the largest megacity in China, is well-known nationwide due to leading China's MSW separation and recycling. Therefore, this paper introduces the Shanghai mode for MSW management and its current situation to enrich existing MSW management studies. Results show that the total generation volume of MSW and amount of MSW generation per capita were 9.00 million tons and 372.16 kg in 2017, increased approximately eight-fold and four-fold compared with the data in 1978, respectively. The MSW treatment rate reached 100% since 2014, with incineration rate increased to 48.56% in 2017. The cost of MSW management after implementing MSW sorting regulation is increased to 985 CNY/ton, including 390 CNY/ton of MSW sorting cost. Then three key features and innovative MSW management modes, namely, mandatory MSW sorting legislation, Green Account program, and the Combined Network program are introduced. Meanwhile, two main challenges are urgent to be responded, including inadequate collecting vehicles and limited wet waste treatment capacity. Finally, policy recommendations on strengthening MSW recycling process, constructing complete terminal treatment industry, and making systematic policies were provided to respond existing challenges.
城市固体废物（MSW）管理和回收在中国发展中国家已成为一个新兴问题。上海是中国最大的特大城市，以引领中国的 MSW 分类和回收而闻名全国。因此，本文介绍了上海的 MSW 管理模式及其现状，以丰富现有的 MSW 管理研究。结果表明，2017 年 MSW 的总产量和人均 MSW 产生量分别为 900 万吨和 372.16 千克，分别比 1978 年的数据增加了约 8 倍和 4 倍。自 2014 年以来，MSW 处理率达到 100%，2017 年焚烧率提高到 48.56%。实施 MSW 分类法规后，MSW 管理成本增加到 985 元/吨，其中包括 390 元/吨的 MSW 分类成本。然后介绍了三个关键特征和创新的 MSW 管理模式，即强制性 MSW 分类立法、绿色账户计划和联合网络计划。同时，迫切需要应对两个主要挑战，包括收集车辆不足和湿垃圾处理能力有限。最后，提出了加强 MSW 回收过程、构建完整的终端处理产业和制定系统政策的政策建议，以应对现有挑战。
