Tang Dengguo, Gallusci Philippe, Lang Zhaobo
Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Laboratory of Grape Ecophysiology and Functional Biology, Bordeaux University, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ormon, 33140, France.
New Phytol. 2020 Nov;228(3):839-844. doi: 10.1111/nph.16724. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Fruit development is a complex process that is regulated not only by plant hormones and transcription factors, but also requires epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNAs. Together, these epigenetic modifications, which are controlled during development and in response to the environment, determine the chromatin state of genes and contribute to the transcriptomes of an organism. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in fleshy fruit ripening. Dysfunction of a DNA demethylase delayed ripening in tomato, and the application of a DNA methylation inhibitor altered ripening process in the fruits of several species. These studies indicated that manipulating the epigenome of fruit crops could open new ways for breeding in the future. In this review, we highlight recent progress and address remaining questions and challenges concerning the epigenetic regulation of fruit development and ripening.
果实发育是一个复杂的过程，不仅受植物激素和转录因子调控，还需要表观遗传修饰。表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰、染色质重塑和非编码RNA。这些表观遗传修饰在发育过程中以及对环境的响应中受到调控，共同决定基因的染色质状态，并影响生物体的转录组。最近的研究表明，表观遗传调控在肉质果实成熟过程中发挥着重要作用。一种DNA去甲基化酶功能失调会延迟番茄成熟，而DNA甲基化抑制剂的应用会改变多个物种果实的成熟过程。这些研究表明，操纵果树作物的表观基因组可能为未来的育种开辟新途径。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了近期的进展，并探讨了有关果实发育和成熟的表观遗传调控方面尚存的问题和挑战。
