Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1239, University of Rouen Normandy, 76130 Rouen, France.
Trends Mol Med. 2020 Aug;26(8):729-743. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.05.003. Epub 2020 Jun 5.
It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiota profoundly influences many aspects of host development and physiology, including the modulation of brain development and behavior. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in communication between the microbiota and the developing brain remain to be fully elucidated. Germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved microbial molecular signatures such as bacterial surface molecules (e.g., peptidoglycans, PGNs) have emerged as potential key regulators of gut microbiota-brain interactions. We highlight current evidence supporting multiple and essential roles for PGNs and their sensing molecules beyond innate immunity, extending to neurodevelopment and behavior. In addition, the possible implications of the PGN signaling pathway for the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered.
人们越来越认识到，肠道微生物群深刻地影响着宿主发育和生理的许多方面，包括大脑发育和行为的调节。然而，微生物群与发育中的大脑之间进行通讯所涉及的确切分子机制和信号通路仍有待充分阐明。种系编码的模式识别受体（PRRs）识别细菌表面分子（例如肽聚糖，PGNs）等保守的微生物分子特征，它们已成为肠道微生物群-大脑相互作用的潜在关键调节因子。我们强调了目前支持 PGN 及其感知分子在先天免疫之外发挥多种重要作用的证据，这些作用扩展到神经发育和行为。此外，还考虑了 PGN 信号通路对神经发育障碍（如自闭症谱系障碍（ASD））发病机制的可能影响。
