运用基于健康信念模型的教育项目来提高护士预防心血管疾病的行为。
Using an educational program based on health belief model to improve the preventive behaviors of nurses against cardiovascular diseases.
作者信息
Amraei Shahram Ghasemi, Malekshahi Farideh, Goudarzi Fateme, Ebrahimzadeh Farzad
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
出版信息
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Apr 28;9:100. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_620_19. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
An unhealthy lifestyle can threaten the health of nursing staff, especially in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Considering the importance of health education in promoting preventive behaviors against these diseases, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) on improving preventive behaviors of nurses against CVDs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design conducted on 104 nursing staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kuhdasht, Lorestan, Iran, in 2017. They were randomly assigned into two groups of HBM ( = 52) and control ( = 52). The HBM group received the educational intervention for 6 weeks, one session per week each for 30-40 min. They were measured before and after the intervention using a demographic form, a researcher-made HBM questionnaire, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the 3-day food intake record all in Persian. The collected data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 24 software using the Chi-squared test and paired -test.
RESULTS
The educational program could only increase the perceived severity (22.64 ± 2.22), perceived benefits (50.83 ± 5.22), and perceived self-efficacy (42.37 ± 5.93) of nurses in the HBM group compared to the controls ( < 0.05). The nurses' perceived sensitivity was also increased, but it was not significant ( > 0.05). In the HBM group, a significant change was found in the food intake level for energy ( = 4.79, = 0.000), protein ( = -2.99, = 0.004), and unsaturated fat ( = -2.94, = 0.005) after intervention. No significant difference was observed in the total physical activity score after the intervention ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
An educational program based on the HBM model can be used to increase the severity, benefits, and self-efficacy of the nurses' preventive behaviors against CVDs and modify their dietary regime.
背景
不健康的生活方式会威胁护理人员的健康，尤其是在心血管疾病（CVD）的背景下。考虑到健康教育在促进针对这些疾病的预防行为方面的重要性，本研究旨在评估基于健康信念模型（HBM）的教育项目对改善护士预防心血管疾病行为的效果。
材料与方法
这是一项于2017年在伊朗洛雷斯坦省库赫达什特的伊玛目霍梅尼医院对104名护理人员进行的随机对照试验，采用前后测设计。他们被随机分为HBM组（n = 52）和对照组（n = 52）。HBM组接受为期6周的教育干预，每周一次，每次30 - 40分钟。在干预前后，使用人口统计学表格、研究者编制的HBM问卷、贝克习惯性身体活动问卷以及3天食物摄入量记录（均为波斯语）对他们进行测量。收集的数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）v. 24软件进行卡方检验和配对t检验分析。
结果
与对照组相比，教育项目仅能提高HBM组护士的感知严重性（22.64 ± 2.22）、感知益处（50.83 ± 5.22）和感知自我效能（42.37 ± 5.93）（P < 0.05）。护士的感知易感性也有所增加，但不显著（P > 0.05）。在HBM组中，干预后能量摄入水平（t = 4.79，P = 0.000）、蛋白质摄入水平（t = -2.99，P = 0.004）和不饱和脂肪摄入水平（t = -2.94，P = 0.005）有显著变化。干预后总身体活动得分无显著差异（P > 0.05）。
结论
基于HBM模型的教育项目可用于提高护士预防心血管疾病行为的严重性、益处和自我效能，并改善他们的饮食模式。
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