Hadley Lauren V, Fisher Nina K, Pickering Martin J
Hearing Sciences - Scottish Section, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 Jul;208:103094. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103094. Epub 2020 Jun 7.
Although it takes several hundred milliseconds to prepare a spoken contribution, gaps between turns in conversation tend to be much shorter. To produce these short gaps, it appears that interlocutors predict the end of their partner's turn. The theory of prediction-by-simulation proposes that individuals use their own motor system to model a partner's upcoming actions by referring to prior production experience. In this study we investigate the role of motor experience for both predicting a turn-end and producing a spoken response by manipulating the similarity of heard speech to participants' own production style. We hypothesised that they would be better at predicting, and initiating responses to, speech produced in the style they speak themselves. Participants recorded a series of questions in two sessions, and several months later they listened to their own speech and that of a stylistically similar and a stylistically dissimilar participant (as assessed by independent raters). Participants predicted the end of 60 of these questions by pressing a button, and for the remaining 60 questions, by producing a spoken response. An analysis of response times showed that participants' button-press responses were faster for utterances spoken by themselves and by a stylistically similar partner, than for utterances spoken by a stylistically dissimilar partner. We conclude that simulation facilitates prediction of similar speakers.
尽管准备一段口头表达需要几百毫秒，但对话中轮流发言之间的间隔往往要短得多。为了产生这些短暂的间隔，对话者似乎会预测对方发言的结束。模拟预测理论认为，个体通过参考先前的表达经验，利用自身的运动系统来模拟对方即将做出的动作。在本研究中，我们通过操纵所听到的语音与参与者自身表达风格的相似性，来探究运动经验在预测发言结束和做出口头回应方面所起的作用。我们假设，参与者对于以他们自己的说话风格产生的语音，在预测和发起回应方面会表现得更好。参与者分两个阶段录制了一系列问题，几个月后，他们听取了自己的语音以及一名在风格上相似和一名在风格上不同的参与者的语音（由独立评分者评估）。参与者通过按下按钮来预测其中60个问题的结束，对于其余60个问题，则做出口头回应。对反应时间的分析表明，与风格不同的参与者所说的话语相比，参与者对自己和风格相似的伙伴所说的话语按下按钮的反应更快。我们得出结论，模拟有助于对相似说话者的预测。
