Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States.
Vet Parasitol. 2020 Jul;283:109131. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109131. Epub 2020 May 21.
Fortunately, the majority of dogs diagnosed with heartworm infection are asymptomatic (or have only mild symptoms such as intermittent cough) and go through adulticide therapy without complication. Complications occurring with heartworm infection and during its treatment most often directly reflect the pulmonary vascular and parenchymal injury inflicted by Dirofilaria immitis. Clinical signs may include exercise intolerance, frequent cough, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and dyspnea. Severe manifestations such as heart failure and caval syndrome may prove fatal. Acute hypersensitivity reactions after initiation of macrocyclic lactone preventive therapy in microfilaremic dogs or after melarsomine injection during adulticide therapy do occur, but are uncommon. This article reviews complications associated with heartworm infection.
幸运的是，大多数被诊断患有心丝虫感染的狗没有症状（或只有轻微的症状，如间歇性咳嗽），并且在没有并发症的情况下进行成虫杀灭治疗。心丝虫感染及其治疗过程中出现的并发症，通常直接反映了犬恶丝虫造成的肺血管和实质损伤。临床症状可能包括运动不耐受、频繁咳嗽、咯血、呼吸急促和呼吸困难。严重的表现，如心力衰竭和腔静脉综合征，可能是致命的。在微丝蚴血症犬开始大环内酯类预防性治疗或成虫杀灭治疗期间注射美拉菌素后，确实会发生急性过敏反应，但并不常见。本文综述了与心丝虫感染相关的并发症。
