Gonçalves Genilson Pereira, Xavier Suzane Gallardo, Lima Nathália da Conceição, Bendas Alexandre José Rodrigues
Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
Veterinarian, MSc. Autonomus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Braz J Vet Med. 2023 Oct 11;45:e002223. doi: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002223. eCollection 2023.
Dirofilariasis, a parasitic disease caused by the nematode , commonly known as heartworm, primarily inhabits the pulmonary artery and right heart of dogs and other animals. The disease is transmitted through diptera, predominantly from the , , and genera. Dirofilariasis is cosmopolitan in nature, endemic in coastal regions and tropical climates. Factors such as temperature, humidity, vector density, and the presence of definitive hosts significantly contribute to the spread of this parasitic disease. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, a prevalence of 58.6% of infected animals has been recorded in municipalities like Niterói. Given that blood transfusions are routine clinical procedures and blood bags are not always accurately evaluated, an investigation into infection in blood donor dogs from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro was conducted. A total of 1044 blood donor dog files from a blood bank in Niterói, RJ, collected from January 2019 to December 2022, were analyzed. These samples, originating from kennels in various municipalities in the Metropolitan Region, were tested for the presence of microfilariae through direct examination using tubes and microhematocrit evaluated in optical microscopy. Additionally, the search for antigens was conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Out of the 1044 records evaluated, 17.8% (186/1044) were positive for heartworm infection, with 2% (21/1044) samples positive for microfilariae and 14.8% (154/1044) positive for antigens. The high prevalence rate indicates that canine infection remains prevalent in the state of Rio de Janeiro, necessitating effective guidelines for prescribing preventive medications by veterinarians and an increase in epidemiological surveillance in the region.
犬恶丝虫病是一种由线虫引起的寄生虫病，线虫通常被称为心丝虫，主要寄生于犬类和其他动物的肺动脉及右心。该病通过双翅目昆虫传播，主要来自 属、 属和 属。犬恶丝虫病在全球范围内均有发生，在沿海地区和热带气候中为地方病。温度、湿度、媒介密度和终末宿主的存在等因素对这种寄生虫病的传播有显著影响。在里约热内卢州，像尼泰罗伊等市已记录到受感染动物的患病率为58.6%。鉴于输血是常规临床操作且血袋并非总能得到准确评估，因此对里约热内卢大都市区供血犬的心丝虫感染情况进行了调查。对2019年1月至2022年12月期间从里约热内卢州尼泰罗伊一家血库收集的总共1044份供血犬档案进行了分析。这些样本来自大都市区各城市的犬舍，通过使用试管直接检查和光学显微镜下评估微量血细胞比容来检测微丝蚴的存在。此外，还使用酶联免疫吸附测定技术进行抗原检测。在评估的1044份记录中，17.8%（186/1044）的心丝虫感染呈阳性，2%（21/1044）的样本微丝蚴呈阳性，14.8%（154/1044）的抗原呈阳性。高患病率表明犬心丝虫感染在里约热内卢州仍然普遍，兽医需要制定有效的预防性用药指南，并加强该地区的流行病学监测。
