Kyong Jeong-Sug, Kwak Chanbeom, Han Woojae, Suh Myung-Whan, Kim Jinsook
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Audiology Institute, Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Seoul, Korea.
J Audiol Otol. 2020 Jul;24(3):119-126. doi: 10.7874/jao.2019.00514. Epub 2020 Jun 12.
In distracting listening conditions, individuals need to pay extra attention to selectively listen to the target sounds. To investigate the amount of listening effort required in reverberating and noisy backgrounds, a semantic mismatch was examined.
Electroencephalography was performed in 18 voluntary healthy participants using a 64-channel system to obtain N400 latencies. They were asked to listen to sounds and see letters in 2 reverberated×2 noisy paradigms (i.e., Q-0 ms, Q-2000 ms, 3 dB-0 ms, and 3 dB-2000 ms). With auditory-visual pairings, the participants were required to answer whether the auditory primes and letter targets did or did not match.
Q-0 ms revealed the shortest N400 latency, whereas the latency was significantly increased at 3 dB-2000 ms. Further, Q-2000 ms showed approximately a 47 ms delayed latency compared to 3 dB-0 ms. Interestingly, the presence of reverberation significantly increased N400 latencies. Under the distracting conditions, both noise and reverberation involved stronger frontal activation.
The current distracting listening conditions could interrupt the semantic mismatch processing in the brain. The presence of reverberation, specifically a 2000 ms delay, necessitates additional mental effort, as evidenced in the delayed N400 latency and the involvement of the frontal sources in this study.
在注意力分散的聆听条件下，个体需要格外留意以选择性地聆听目标声音。为了探究在混响和嘈杂背景下所需的聆听努力程度，我们对语义不匹配情况进行了研究。
使用64通道系统对18名自愿参与的健康受试者进行脑电图检查，以获取N400潜伏期。要求他们在2种混响×2种噪声范式（即Q - 0毫秒、Q - 2000毫秒、3分贝 - 0毫秒和3分贝 - 2000毫秒）下聆听声音并观看字母。在听觉 - 视觉配对中，要求受试者回答听觉启动刺激与字母目标是否匹配。
Q - 0毫秒时N400潜伏期最短，而在3分贝 - 2000毫秒时潜伏期显著增加。此外，与3分贝 - 0毫秒相比，Q - 2000毫秒时潜伏期延迟约47毫秒。有趣的是，混响的存在显著增加了N400潜伏期。在注意力分散的条件下，噪声和混响均涉及更强的额叶激活。
当前注意力分散的聆听条件可能会干扰大脑中的语义不匹配处理。混响的存在，特别是2000毫秒的延迟，需要额外的心理努力，本研究中N400潜伏期延迟以及额叶源的参与证明了这一点。
