INCIA UMR 5287 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2020 Sep 15;296:113528. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113528. Epub 2020 Jun 9.
Insulin and related peptides play important roles in the regulation of growth and reproduction. Until recently three different types of insulin-related peptides had been identified from decapod crustaceans. The identification of two novel insulin-related peptides from Sagmariasus verreauxi and Cherax quadricarinatus suggested that there might a fourth type. Publicly available short read archives show that orthologs of these peptides are commonly present in these animals. Most decapods have two genes coding such peptides, but Penaeus species have likely only one and some palaemonids have three. Interestingly, expression levels can vary more than thousand-fold in the gonads of Portunus trituberculatus, where gonadulin 1 is expressed by the testis and gonadulin 2 by the ovary. Although these peptides are also expressed in other tissues, the occasionally very high expression in the gonads led to them being called gonadulins.
胰岛素和相关肽在生长和繁殖的调节中发挥重要作用。直到最近，已从十足目甲壳动物中鉴定出三种不同类型的胰岛素相关肽。从锯缘青蟹和红螯螯虾中鉴定出两种新型胰岛素相关肽表明可能存在第四种类型。公开的短读档案显示，这些肽的同源物通常存在于这些动物中。大多数十足目动物有两个编码这些肽的基因，但对虾属物种可能只有一个，有些龙虾目有三个。有趣的是，在三疣梭子蟹的性腺中，其表达水平可以相差一千多倍，其中性腺素 1 由精巢表达，性腺素 2 由卵巢表达。尽管这些肽也在其他组织中表达，但在性腺中偶尔出现的非常高的表达水平导致它们被称为性腺素。
