Research Center for Economy of Upper Research of the Yangtse River, Chongqing Technology and Business University (CTBU), Chongqing, China.
, Chongqing, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Sep;27(26):33161-33180. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09455-z. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
The status of technical efficiency (TE) of environmental protection enterprises is crucial to the sustainable economic development. Based on the micro-survey data of China's environmental protection enterprises from 2003 to 2013, through a systematic calculation and comparison about TE level under stochastic frontier analysis, this article investigated the distribution characteristics and heterogeneous sources of them comprehensively and found that first, there are wide-ranging technical efficiency differences among sub-sectors, ownership, and regions within China's environmental protection industry, and this type of heterogeneity was significantly interfered by the institution and policy environment. Second, there is obvious scale economy effect and no scope economy effect in the TE distribution of China's environmental protection enterprises, and their TE level has a positive response to management improvement and competition enhancement, but has a negative feedback on heavy asset expansion and debt-driven growth mode. Third, the overall TE levels of non-state-owned enterprises are higher than that of state-owned enterprises; the overall TE levels of enterprises located in the eastern provinces are higher than those of enterprises located in the central and western provinces. Fourth, reducing tax burdens of environmental protection enterprises is more effective to promote their TE level than providing governmental subsidies directly. Therefore, to promote the quality of the development for China's environmental protection industry, it is necessary to emphasize the market mechanism. Based on the market power, we should accelerate the industry integration, cultivate the market demand, and promote market competition. Furthermore, the government should also need to design a targeted support system and differentiated policy arrangements for the development of environmental protection enterprises.
环保企业的技术效率（TE）状况对可持续经济发展至关重要。本文基于 2003 年至 2013 年中国环保企业的微观调查数据，通过系统计算和比较随机前沿分析下的 TE 水平，全面考察了它们的分布特征和异质性来源，结果发现：首先，中国环保产业内部分子行业、所有制和地区之间存在广泛的技术效率差异，这种异质性受到制度和政策环境的显著干扰。其次，中国环保企业的 TE 分布存在明显的规模经济效应，没有范围经济效应，其 TE 水平对管理改善和竞争增强有积极响应，但对重资产扩张和债务驱动的增长模式有负面反馈。第三，非国有企业的整体 TE 水平高于国有企业；东部省份企业的整体 TE 水平高于中西部省份企业。第四，降低环保企业的税负比直接给予政府补贴更能有效促进其 TE 水平。因此，要促进中国环保产业的发展质量，必须强调市场机制。基于市场力量，我们应加快产业整合，培育市场需求，促进市场竞争。此外，政府还需要为环保企业的发展设计有针对性的支持系统和差异化的政策安排。
