2351 Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Atrium Health, Charlotte, USA.
124546 Department of Psychological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
J Hum Lact. 2020 Nov;36(4):657-672. doi: 10.1177/0890334420930696. Epub 2020 Jun 12.
Despite legislation requiring break time and a private space to express milk, variations exist in accommodations for breastfeeding employees in the United States.
We aimed to describe employee and employer perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support in the United States and to identify research needed to inform workplace lactation support programs.
We searched Academic Search Complete, Business Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2019 ( = 1638). We included 27 articles. Studies were categorized into four non-exclusive themes: (a) employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support; (b) employer reports of workplace lactation support; (c) association between workplace lactation support and business outcomes; and (d) association between workplace lactation support and breastfeeding outcomes.
Analyses of associations between lactation support at work and employee breastfeeding outcomes ( = 14, 52%), and employee perceptions of and experiences with lactation support at work ( = 14, 52%) were most common, followed by employer reports of lactation support ( = 3, 11%) and associations between lactation support at work and job satisfaction ( = 3, 11%). Results indicated that workplace lactation support varied by employer, and that employee perceptions of and experiences with workplace lactation support varied by demographic and employment characteristics. The use of cross-sectional designs, unvalidated instruments, and limited representation from women with low incomes and minorities were common study limitations.
More research is needed to learn about experiences of employers and low-income and minority women with workplace lactation support and associations with business-relevant outcomes.
尽管立法要求为哺乳期员工提供休息时间和私人空间来挤奶，但在美国，为哺乳期员工提供的住宿条件仍存在差异。
我们旨在描述美国员工和雇主对工作场所母乳喂养支持的看法和体验，并确定为工作场所母乳喂养支持计划提供信息所需的研究。
我们在 Academic Search Complete、Business Search Complete、CINAHL、MEDLINE、PubMed 和 PsycInfo 中搜索了 2009 年至 2019 年（共 1638 篇）发表的同行评审文章。我们纳入了 27 篇文章。研究分为四个非排他性主题：（a）员工对工作场所母乳喂养支持的看法和体验；（b）雇主对工作场所母乳喂养支持的报告；（c）工作场所母乳喂养支持与商业成果之间的关联；（d）工作场所母乳喂养支持与母乳喂养成果之间的关联。
对工作场所母乳喂养支持与员工母乳喂养结果之间的关联（=14，52%）以及员工对工作场所母乳喂养支持的看法和体验之间的关联（=14，52%）的分析最为常见，其次是雇主对母乳喂养支持的报告（=3，11%）和工作场所母乳喂养支持与工作满意度之间的关联（=3，11%）。结果表明，工作场所母乳喂养支持因雇主而异，员工对工作场所母乳喂养支持的看法和体验因人口统计学和就业特征而异。常见的研究局限性包括使用横断面设计、未经验证的工具以及代表性不足的低收入和少数族裔女性。
需要进一步研究以了解雇主和低收入及少数族裔女性对工作场所母乳喂养支持的体验以及与商业相关结果的关联。
