Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Department of Anaesthesia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
J Clin Monit Comput. 2021 Apr;35(2):217-224. doi: 10.1007/s10877-020-00537-4. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Although 1st and 2nd generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have many desirable features, they are nevertheless inserted in a similar 'blind' way as their 1st generation predecessors. Clinicians mostly still rely entirely on subjective indirect assessments to estimate correct placement which supposedly ensures a tight seal. Malpositioning and potential airway compromise occurs in more than half of placements. Vision-guided insertion can improve placement. In this article we propose the development of a 3rd generation supraglottic airway device, equipped with cameras and fiberoptic illumination, to visualise insertion of the device, enable immediate manoeuvres to optimise SAD position, verify whether correct 1st and 2nd seals are achieved and check whether size selected is appropriate. We do not provide technical details of such a '3rd generation' device, but rather present a theoretical analysis of its desirable properties, which are essential to overcome the remaining limitations of current 1st and 2nd generation devices. We also recommend that this further milestone improvement, i.e. ability to place the SAD accurately under direct vision, be eligible for the moniker '3rd generation'. Blind insertion of SADs should become the exception and we anticipate, as in other domains such as central venous cannulation and nerve block insertions, vision-guided placement becoming the gold standard.
尽管第一代和第二代声门上气道装置(SAD)具有许多理想的特性,但它们的插入方式与第一代产品类似,仍然是“盲目”插入。临床医生主要仍然完全依靠主观的间接评估来估计正确的位置,这应该可以确保密封紧密。但错位和潜在的气道阻塞发生在超过一半的放置中。视觉引导插入可以改善放置。在本文中,我们提出开发第三代声门上气道装置,配备摄像头和光纤照明,以可视化装置的插入,能够立即进行优化 SAD 位置的操作,验证是否实现了正确的第一和第二密封,并检查所选尺寸是否合适。我们没有提供这种“第三代”设备的技术细节,而是对其理想特性进行了理论分析,这些特性对于克服当前第一代和第二代设备的剩余局限性至关重要。我们还建议将这一进一步的里程碑式改进,即在直接视觉下准确放置 SAD 的能力,作为第三代的名称。SAD 的盲目插入应成为例外,我们预计,就像在中央静脉插管和神经阻滞插入等其他领域一样,视觉引导放置将成为黄金标准。