Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 4, 421 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Ravila Street 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Waste Manag. 2020 Jul 15;113:521-544. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.007. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
This paper addresses the sustainability of vanadium, taking into account the current state-of-the-art related to primary and secondary sources, substitution, production, and market developments. Vanadium plays a critical role in several strategic industrial applications including steel production and probable widespread utilization in next-generation batteries. Confirming the importance of vanadium, the European Commission identified and formally registered this metal on the 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials for the European Union. The United States and Canada have also addressed the importance of this metal. Like the European economy, the American and Canadian economies rely on vanadium and are not globally independent. This recognized importance of vanadium is driving many efforts in academia and industry to develop technologies for the utilization of secondary vanadium resources using hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques. In this paper, current efforts and their outcomes are summarized along with the most recent patents for vanadium recovery.
本文探讨了钒的可持续性，考虑到当前与主要和次要来源、替代、生产和市场发展相关的最新技术。钒在包括钢铁生产和可能在下一代电池中广泛应用的几个战略工业应用中发挥着关键作用。为了确认钒的重要性，欧盟委员会在 2017 年的关键原材料清单中确定并正式登记了这种金属。美国和加拿大也已经认识到这种金属的重要性。像欧洲经济一样，美国和加拿大经济依赖钒，而且在全球范围内并不独立。这种对钒的认识重要性正在推动学术界和工业界开展利用湿法冶金和火法冶金技术利用二次钒资源的技术开发工作。本文总结了目前的努力及其成果，以及最新的钒回收专利。
