Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Can J Urol. 2020 Jun;27(3):10233-10237.
The development of renal stones in space would not only impact the health of an astronaut but could critically affect the success of the mission.
We reviewed the medical literature, texts and multimedia sources regarding the careers of Dr. Abraham Cockett and Dr. Peggy Whitson and their contributions to the study of urolithiasis in space, as well as the studies in between both of their careers that helped to further characterize the risks of stone formation in space.
Dr. Abraham T. K. Cockett (1928-2011) was Professor and Chair of the Department of Urology at the University of Rochester and served as AUA President (1994-1995). In 1962, Dr. Cockett was one of the first to raise a concern regarding astronauts potentially forming renal stones in space and suggested multiple prophylactic measures to prevent stone formation. Many of the early studies in this field used immobilized patients as a surrogate to a micro-gravity environment to mimic the bone demineralization that could occur in space in order to measure changes in urinary parameters. Dr. Peggy A. Whitson (1960-), is a biochemistry researcher and former NASA astronaut. She carried out multiple studies examining renal stone risk during short term space shuttle flights and later during long-duration Shuttle-Mir missions.
From the early vision of Dr. Cockett to the astronaut studies of Dr. Whitson, we have a better understanding of the risks of urolithiasis in space, resulting in preventive measures for urolithiasis in future long duration space exploration.
肾结石的形成不仅会影响宇航员的健康，还可能严重影响任务的成功。
我们查阅了有关 Abraham Cockett 博士和 Peggy Whitson 博士职业生涯的医学文献、文本和多媒体资料，以及他们在太空尿石症研究中的贡献，以及他们职业生涯之间的研究，这些研究有助于进一步确定太空结石形成的风险。
Abraham T. K. Cockett 博士（1928-2011 年）是罗彻斯特大学泌尿科教授兼主席，并担任 AUA 主席（1994-1995 年）。1962 年，Cockett 博士率先对宇航员在太空中可能形成肾结石表示关注，并提出了多种预防措施来防止结石形成。该领域的许多早期研究都使用固定患者作为微重力环境的替代物，以模拟太空中可能发生的骨质脱矿，以测量尿液参数的变化。Peggy A. Whitson 博士（1960 年-），是一位生物化学研究员和前 NASA 宇航员。她进行了多项研究，检查了短期航天飞机飞行和后来的长期航天飞机-Mir 任务期间的肾结石风险。
从 Cockett 博士的早期愿景到 Whitson 博士的宇航员研究，我们对太空尿石症的风险有了更好的了解，这导致了未来长时间太空探索中预防尿石症的措施。
