Department of Psychology and Neuroscience.
School of Health and Human Performance.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2020 Sep;46(9):1001-1012. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000791. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
When presented with a target circle horizontally overlapped by a penalty circle, participants initially aim closer to the penalty circle than optimal and with experience and feedback shift their endpoint horizontally to the optimal endpoint. Our purpose was to determine whether solely reward feedback or reward feedback in combination with visual error feedback of the movement and final movement endpoint is necessary for participants to learn to aim to the optimal endpoint. Participants received money for hitting the target but lost money for hitting the penalty region. In a critical No Feedback group, the target/penalty configuration would disappear on movement initiation, but participants were told the number of points received or lost after each trial. Similar to groups receiving various amounts of visual error feedback (target never disappeared, or reappeared upon screen contact), participants in the No Feedback group shifted the endpoint horizontally with experience, but they vertically undershot the horizontal meridian that contained the optimal endpoint. The region of the vertical undershoot, although suboptimal, was associated with less variance in the value of the expected outcomes. We suggest that reward feedback encourages participants to aim toward this less risky region, whereas receiving full visual error feedback leads participants to aim to the more advantageous horizontal meridian. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
当目标圆与惩罚圆水平重叠时，参与者最初的瞄准点会比最佳瞄准点更接近惩罚圆，而随着经验和反馈的增加，他们会将终点线水平移动到最佳终点线。我们的目的是确定参与者是否仅需要奖励反馈或奖励反馈与运动和最终运动终点的视觉错误反馈相结合，才能学习将目标瞄准到最佳终点线。参与者每击中目标就会得到钱，但如果击中了惩罚区就会赔钱。在关键的无反馈组中，目标/惩罚配置会在运动启动时消失，但参与者会在每次试验后被告知收到或损失的分数。与接收不同量视觉错误反馈的组（目标永远不会消失，或者在屏幕接触后重新出现）类似，无反馈组的参与者随着经验的增加会水平移动终点线，但他们会垂直偏离包含最佳终点线的水平子午线。虽然这个垂直偏差区域并不理想，但与期望结果的价值变化较小有关。我们认为，奖励反馈鼓励参与者将目标瞄准到这个风险较小的区域，而接收完整的视觉错误反馈则会引导参与者将目标瞄准到更有利的水平子午线。
