van der Kooij K, Overvliet K E
Department of Behavioural and Human Movement Sciences - Research Institute MOVE, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
Exp Brain Res. 2016 Jun;234(6):1441-50. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4540-1. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
Could a pat on the back affect motor adaptation? Recent studies indeed suggest that rewards can boost motor adaptation. However, the rewards used were typically reward gradients that carried quite detailed information about performance. We investigated whether simple binary rewards affected how participants learned to correct for a visual rotation of performance feedback in a 3D pointing task. To do so, we asked participants to align their unseen hand with virtual target cubes in alternating blocks with and without spatial performance feedback. Forty participants were assigned to one of two groups: a 'spatial only' group, in which the feedback consisted of showing the (perturbed) endpoint of the hand, or to a 'spatial & reward' group, in which a reward could be received in addition to the spatial feedback. In addition, six participants were tested in a 'reward only' group. Binary reward was given when the participants' hand landed in a virtual 'hit area' that was adapted to individual performance to reward about half the trials. The results show a typical pattern of adaptation in both the 'spatial only' and the 'spatial & reward' groups, whereas the 'reward only' group was unable to adapt. The rewards did not affect the overall pattern of adaptation in the 'spatial & reward' group. However, on a trial-by-trial basis, the rewards reduced adaptive changes to spatial errors.
轻拍背部会影响运动适应吗?近期研究确实表明奖励能够促进运动适应。然而,所使用的奖励通常是奖励梯度,其中包含了关于表现的相当详细的信息。我们研究了简单的二元奖励是否会影响参与者在三维指向任务中学习纠正视觉旋转的表现反馈。为此,我们要求参与者在有和没有空间表现反馈的交替块中,将他们看不见的手与虚拟目标立方体对齐。40名参与者被分配到两个组中的一组:“仅空间”组,其反馈包括显示手的(受干扰的)端点;或“空间与奖励”组,除了空间反馈外还可以获得奖励。此外,6名参与者在“仅奖励”组中进行了测试。当参与者的手落在一个根据个人表现进行调整的虚拟“命中区域”时,会给予二元奖励,大约一半的试验会得到奖励。结果显示,“仅空间”组和“空间与奖励”组都出现了典型的适应模式,而“仅奖励”组无法适应。奖励并没有影响“空间与奖励”组的整体适应模式。然而,在逐次试验的基础上,奖励减少了对空间误差的适应性变化。